Scientific research

At the fountain of youth: practices to slow the signs of ageing

A pea derivative as an antioxidant, stem cells to renew tissue, blood turnover. Functional and regenerative medicine helps to reverse the ageing process. But care must be taken.

5' min read

5' min read

'The man who has lived the longest is not the one who can number the most years, but the one who has felt life the most intensely,' wrote Rousseau in the 18th century. More than 200 years later, the subject is still open, but there is an attempt to mediate the terms: to live healthy and long, to experience as much as possible. "Anti-aging medicine is an evolving branch of medical science and applied medicine: it studies the underlying causes of ageing in order to prevent the damage of the passage of time, not only at the skin level, but also to the various organs and apparatuses, so that, beyond age, the individual can remain healthy and biologically active," explains Elisabetta Fulgione, dermatologist and aesthetic doctor at the University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli. 'The literal translation of anti-aging is anti-ageing, and the goal of this medicine is to improve the quality of life with a balanced diet, physical activity, stress management, and skin care on both a preventive and corrective level'. The desire to enjoy good health - and to look good - is a shared goal, and more and more people are becoming informed and putting the basic principles of anti-aging into practice. "However, it is essential to rely on medical professionals," Fulgione warns. 'It is the only way to prevent therapies from causing damage. The desire to take care of oneself also comes from a better acceptance and in this anti-aging medicine - which complements and does not replace preventive medicine - can be an aid to psychophysical balance'.

Today, there are treatments that promise not only to help prevent disease, but also to fortify health to such an extent that life is extended. It is no coincidence that studies are circulating claiming that we have the potential to live up to 140 years. Here is a selection of already available and widespread longevity practices endorsed by the scientific community.

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NAD+ 

David Sinclair, professor of genetics at Harvard and author of the book Longevity. Why we age and why we shouldn't (Feltrinelli, €16), is a pioneer in research on niacinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NAD+, a derivative of niacin (or vitamin B3) found in vegetables such as asparagus and peas. "Everyone should know and appreciate it," he argues. "It is very important: it is considered one of the molecules of life, because it carries out hundreds of chemical reactions and is required by the body to defend itself against the processes of ageing. But as time goes by, its levels decline'. That's why the researcher takes a gram of NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) every day, an oral supplement that is the direct precursor of NAD+, and which has the function of increasing its availability: in adults, in doses not exceeding a thousand milligrams, it is a powerful antioxidant and anti-radical, useful to the cause of anti-ageing. It is 'the closest thing we have to the fountain of youth', confirms Dr Mark Hyman, an expert in functional medicine.

OZONE THERAPY

Ozone therapy is a treatment that involves the administration of ozone gas (O3) to stimulate the production of proteins and red blood cells, which in turn are able to increase the oxygen supply in the blood. It is used to treat autoimmune diseases, infections and viruses, acts on bacterial infections and kills parasites. Its other benefits include improving circulation and brain function, and boosting energy levels. Dr Tamsin Lewis, founder of the London-based longevity clinic Wellgevity, explains how proponents of ozone therapy claim it can 'purify the blood through several mechanisms, including oxygenation, immune system stimulation and antimicrobial effects'. Ozone gas can be ingested in the form of ozonised water, injected or even applied topically. Dave Asprey, the pioneer of biohacking - the reprogramming of the biological system - went so far as to take it rectally so that it would reach the liver more quickly to improve its function. A borderline practice that raised doubts and distancing. Lewis recalls that the evidence for the efficacy of ozone therapy 'is still limited and under scrutiny by scientific research. It has potential risks and several side effects: it is not a conventional medical treatment and its use should always be thoroughly discussed with a qualified physician'.

STEMINAL CELLS

There are studies showing that transplanting stem cells into one's own body can have an effect on skin regeneration and wound healing. Among the components present in stem cells are exosomes, which contain proteins. As Simone Gibertoni, ceo of Clinique La Prairie, explains: 'Exosomes act as messengers: they pass information between cells and regulate the fate and morphology of the recipient cells. They can guide different signalling pathways and thus exert a regenerative effect on many tissues. It is a science still in its infancy, but it is promising'. So much so, in fact, that Clinique La Prairie has started offering a service that takes stem cells from customers and stores them for up to 30 years. Could this be the route to the fountain of youth? What is certain is that one should always rely on serious professionals and not try extemporaneous experiments: the US Food and Drug Administration warns against treatments that have not yet been officially approved.

PLASMAPHERESIS

Plasmapheresis is a treatment involving so-called 'plasma exchange'. It is a medical procedure created to treat autoimmune diseases: blood is taken and filtered through centrifugation so as to remove the plasma - which has molecules and proteins that promote ageing and inflammation - and replace it with fluids containing a protein in which it is rich, albumin, before being reintroduced into the body. One of the applications that has been most controversial on this front is the experiment of American Bryan Johnson, who had his teenage son's plasma injected, only to later claim that he did not benefit from it. It is worth mentioning that plasmapheresis is still a treatment in the study phase. The Young Blood Institute is conducting experiments to explore its potential: in mice, research has shown a 'reversal' of the ageing process - in other words, a decrease in biomarkers that measure our body's age. Rejuvenating effects were also found in rodents by diluting the plasma with saline solution. But from here to a safe application as an anti-ageing treatment for humans there is still a long way to go.

TAURINE

Taurine is an amino acid found in meat and fish and is a common ingredient in energy drinks and baby milk. It has a nutritional and physiological effect, but its levels decline with age. A recent study published in Science showed that mice, worms and monkeys live longer and healthier lives when fed large amounts of taurine (we humans would need 3 to 6 grams per day). Other benefits of taking taurine include increased muscular endurance and strength. 'Evidence shows that it acts as a guardian of cells, promoting their survival,' says Herminia Pasantes, a biologist at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México in Mexico City.

RAPAMYCIN

Also known as sirolimus, rapamycin is an immunosuppressive drug currently strictly used in anti-cancer treatment and for organ transplant recipients. 'It is mainly prescribed to cancer patients because it has a positive effect on the immune system,' explains Dr Lewis of Wellgevity. But this natural antibiotic and antifungal also has another potential, that of becoming 'an anti-ageing medicine: it shows great promise in combating inflammaging, the chronic inflammation caused by age'. In large doses, however, 'side effects are not uncommon'. Including infections, pneumonia and cancer. 'It is a substance that requires careful assessment of individual conditions and its use should always be monitored,' Lewis concludes. More generally, in the world of regenerative medicine, it is not yet indicated for use with anti-ageing functions, at least not until a solid body of scientific data is available on the efficacy of the treatments and the proven absence of dangers.

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