Cryptocurrencies

Binance reopens withdrawals following the 6 billion hack. The situation for Italian users

It should be noted that, as of 1 July, Binance users in Italia can no longer buy or trade, as Binance has not obtained the European MiCA licence

REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustrazione REUTERS

4' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

4' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

Customers of Binance who were ‘stranded’ following the $6.3 billion hack on Thursday 29 October can now start withdrawing their funds again, a little at a time. On Sunday 1 November, between 7am and 10am Italian time, the exchange began the first phase of reopening. It started with the Bitcoin network and is continuing with around fifteen tokens, including ether, USDT, USDC, BNB, Solana and XRP. No date has yet been set for the others. “Restoring access to users’ funds is a priority, and we are taking a controlled approach to do so safely,” reads a statement from the company. The reopening applies to all countries, including Italy, and brings to an end a two-and-a-half-day suspension.

It should be noted that, from 1 July, users of Binance in Italia can no longer buy or trade, as Binance has not obtained the European MiCA licence. The regulation on crypto-assets ended the transitional period on 30 June 2026: since then, only those authorised as crypto-asset service providers (CASP) may serve EU residents. Binance has withdrawn the application it submitted in Greece and has left Italian users with only two options: to close their positions and to withdraw funds.

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The Stolen Badge

What happened? On Thursday 29 October, shortly after 9.00 pm Italian time, around 6.3 billion dollars were drained from Binance wallets across ten blockchains. This is roughly four times the 1.5 billion theft suffered by Bybit in February 2025. TRM Labs and Chainalysis attribute the incident to TraderTraitor, a group linked to North Korea, and on Saturday the FBI confirmed the link to Pyongyang.

To understand what happened, let’s think of Binance as a large bank. The bulk of the money is kept in the vault, locked away and offline (the cold wallet), whilst a portion is held in the tellers’ cash desk to cover day-to-day withdrawals (the hot wallet). The thieves didn’t break into the vault and didn’t copy the keys: they stole an employee’s access badge. According to Binance, the breach began with the laptop of an engineer, from which the attacker gained access to an internal system and sent unauthorised withdrawal orders. The system recognised them as ‘signed’ and executed them. Around 3 billion have been frozen, mainly stablecoins such as USDT and USDC, which the issuers can block: they are like banknotes with flagged serial numbers. Bitcoins are like cash: once they’re out, they can’t be stopped.

Reserves without an auditor

Who will foot the bill? “Binance will bear the financial impact of the stolen funds. These losses will not be passed on to users,” the company assures in its statement. Binance has set aside over 6.34 billion of its own funds and states that it has already covered approximately 95 per cent of the amount stolen, up from 90 per cent in the previous update. The remaining 5 per cent relates to less liquid tokens, outside the top ten, which the exchange is repurchasing on the market and via OTC channels. For the major cryptocurrencies – from Bitcoin and Ether to the stablecoins USDT and USDC – the company states that balances are 100 per cent covered, verifiable via proof of reserves. This is a self-certified verification. In December 2022, a few weeks after the FTX collapse, the French audit firm Mazars suspended its work with the entire crypto sector. Since then, no external auditor has signed off on Binance’s reserve accounts, which are based on cryptographic instruments managed by the exchange itself.

Up to 300,000 Italians stranded

How many Italians have been left stranded? Binance does not publish the number of Italian customers, so we can only estimate the order of magnitude. The point of reference is the OAM (Organismo Agenti e Mediatori), the body with which crypto operators active in Italia were registered and to which they submitted data on their customers every quarter. According to the OAM, by mid-2025 these operators had reported 2.14 million Italian customers. Of these, 1.39 million held cryptocurrencies in their portfolios worth approximately 1.97 billion euros – an average of 1,400 euros per person – and over 90 per cent used the major exchanges. Binance Italia, according to its chief executive, had exceeded the equivalent of one billion euros in deposits. With such a large market share, a customer base of between 500,000 and one million accounts is plausible, of which perhaps 300,000–600,000 had an active balance. After 1 July, the customers with the largest balances were the first to move. Those remaining were mainly accounts with small or dormant balances, either out of habit or to avoid having to go through the know-your-customer (KYC) process again on another platform. If half of the accounts with a balance remained, this would amount to 150,000–300,000 Italians being locked out for two and a half days, involving a few hundred million euros. These are, of course, estimates.

Protections lost without MiCA

The lesson remains, however. With artificial intelligence, attacks become faster and more convincing: today, a perfect phishing email or bespoke malicious software can be created in a matter of minutes. In this latest case, all it took was a laptop and twenty minutes.

And this is where MiCA makes a difference. Authorised exchanges must hold clients’ cryptocurrencies on a 1:1 basis, segregated from their own assets, so that they remain the clients’ property even if the exchange goes bankrupt. Exchanges are also liable, at market value, for any cryptocurrencies lost due to cyber incidents for which they are responsible. Anyone who left funds on Binance after 1 July, when the exchange lost its MiCA licence, has forfeited these safeguards.

Even for authorised exchanges, protection against theft has its limits. The minimum capital required by MiCA is just 150,000 euros, or a quarter of annual fixed costs: if the theft exceeds the platform’s capacity to cover it, there is no public fund to make up the shortfall. For this reason, with or without MiCA, the crypto world’s motto – ‘not your keys, not your coins’ – remains as relevant as ever: if the investor does not hold the private keys, the coins are not truly theirs.

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