The summit

Nato, the final document. 'Firm commitment' to defence: an attack on one is an attack on all

The document for the first time does not condemn the Russian attack on Ukraine, although it describes Moscow as a 'long-term threat'

Il primo ministro dei Paesi Bassi durante il vertice Nato a L'Aia, 25 giugno 2025.  ANSA/Filippo Attili

3' min read

3' min read

"We remain united and resolute in our determination to protect our billion citizens, defend the Alliance and safeguard our freedom and democracy".

So reads the declaration of the NATO summit in The Hague, from which text an implicit pact between Donald Trump and all other Alliance leaders is deduced. Paragraph 1 of the one-page document contains a 'firm commitment to collective defence as enshrined in Article V of the Washington Treaty'. It begins: 'We, the Heads of State and Government of the Atlantic Alliance, have gathered in The Hague to reaffirm our commitment to NATO, the strongest Alliance in history, and to the transatlantic bond. We reaffirm our firm commitment to collective defence, as enshrined in Article 5 of the Washington Treaty: an attack on one is an attack on all'.

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No condemnation of Russia

The document for the first time does not condemn the Russian attack on Ukraine, although it describes Moscow as a 'long-term threat'.

United in the face of profound security threats and challenges, in particular the long-term threat posed by Russia to Euro-Atlantic security and the persistent threat of terrorism," the document continues, "the Allies pledge to invest 5 per cent of GDP annually in core defence requirements, as well as in defence and security-related expenditures, by 2035, to ensure our individual and collective obligations, in accordance with Article 3 of the Washington Treaty. Our investments will ensure the availability of forces, capabilities, resources, infrastructure, operational readiness and resilience necessary for deterrence and defence, in line with our three core tasks: deterrence and defence, crisis prevention and management, and cooperative security."

Support for Ukraine

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All NATO members then signed the declaration sanctioning the considerable increase in spending to 5 per cent of GDP, although Spain declared that it did not need to reach it and that it could fulfil its commitments by spending much less.

The largest war in Europe since 1945 is mentioned a posteriori at the end of paragraph 3, where the Allies 'reaffirm their sovereign and enduring commitment to provide support to Ukraine'. There would be no reference to why such support is needed.

Instead, the statement clarifies that allies' 'direct contributions' 'to the defence of Ukraine' will count towards NATO's military expenditure target of 5% of GDP. This allows the funds that individual countries already provide to Kiev to be used for the main figures of their defence budgets.

Defence contribution of 5% of GDP

"The Allies agree that this 5 per cent commitment will include two essential categories of defence investment. The Allies will allocate at least 3.5 per cent of GDP annually, based on the agreed definition of NATO defence spending by 2035, to core defence resource requirements and the achievement of NATO Capability Goals. The Allies agree to submit annual plans showing a credible and progressive path to this goal. And Allies will contribute up to 1.5 per cent of GDP per year to, among other things, protect our critical infrastructure, defend our networks, ensure our civil preparedness and resilience, unlock innovation and strengthen our defence industrial base. The trajectory and balance of spending under this plan will be reviewed in 2029, in light of the updated strategic context and Capabilities Targets. The Allies reaffirm their enduring sovereign commitment to provide support to Ukraine, whose security contributes to ours, and, to that end, will include direct contributions to Ukraine's defence and its defence industry in the calculation of Allied defence spending," it reads.

Turkey in 2026

The statement then concludes: 'We reaffirm our common commitment to rapidly expand transatlantic defence cooperation and to harness emerging technologies and the spirit of innovation to promote our collective security. We will work to eliminate defence trade barriers between Allies and leverage our partnerships to promote defence cooperation. We express our appreciation for the generous hospitality extended to us by the Kingdom of the Netherlands. We look forward to our next meeting in Turkey in 2026, followed by a meeting in Albania," it concludes.

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