The fight against undeclared work

De Gennaro (GdF): widespread evasion among influencers and digital creators

The Commander General of the Italian Finance Police at the Festival of Economics: strategies include a mix of repression and prevention. Increasing focus on phenomena linked to new technologies

by Giovanni Parente

Economia sommersa, l’altra faccia dell’Italia Nella foto: Andrea De Gennaro

5' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

5' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

The evasion of influencers and digital creators 'continues to be wide and widespread' but the fight goes on in synergy with the Revenue Agency with a joint activity plan that 'tries to identify the disproportion between declared income and various contents, views, the number of subscribers to the channel: often there is a strong disproportion'. This is one of the aspects mentioned by Andrea De Gennaro, commanding general of the Guardia di Finanza, during his speech in the panel 'Submerged economy, the other face of Italia' at the Festival of Economics in Trento, organised by Sole 24 Ore and Trentino Marketing.

The identification of income

"I note that a difficulty has arisen in the actual identification of the type of income produced by digital creators, is it business income, of the profession?" the commander general emphasised. It is 'a new profession, also carried out by many people who are not yet web stars, maybe they would like to become one, and also by categories that tended to hide from being detectable by the tax authorities' and also by 'those who work on sites like Only Fans'.

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The protocol with the Revenue

There have been cases, De Gennaro pointed out, 'of digital content creators coming forward with the Revenue Agency claiming that they did not know whether to pay tax and under which category. In the line of countering evasion in this sector, which continues to be broad and widespread, there is one of the moments of greatest sharing of activities with the Revenue Agency,' and we have entered into a specific protocol with the Agency to draw common operational lines in the digital economy sector of digital content creators'. The joint activity plan, he concluded, 'seeks to identify the disproportion between declared income and various content, views, the number of subscribers to the channel, often there is a strong disproportion'.

The phenomenon of abusive doctors and surgeons

There is not only a problem in digital. "There is another important phenomenon that is growing a lot in this period which is that of abusive doctors and surgeons," indicated De Gennaro. "In the face of the sharp increase in demand evident in recent years we have seen growing numbers of the phenomenon, then we often see it in TV broadcasts with the striking cases. But against the striking cases there are many others that end well from the point of view of the patient's health but conceal a total, complete and widespread evasion. It is a particularly intrusive and dangerous phenomenon, and our attention is always growing. In addition to the fact of tax evasion that is almost certain, there is another major reflection, which is that of unfair competition against professionals who practise with the due authorisations, and above all there is an issue of patient health,' he added.

Pos linked to foreign accounts

The discourse, however, is much broader and multifaceted. "The forms of total evasion from paying taxes," emphasised the commanding general of the Guardia di Finanza, "are different, from hiding income to more advanced ones, such as non-invoicing or invoicing for non-existent transactions or other. The electronic invoicing obligation is a tool that has helped a lot. We think a lot can be done by the recent rule that electronically links the Pos with the cash register, because often the shopkeeper has two or three Pos linked with foreign current accounts in countries that do not have very strict tax collaboration regimes. So there are uncontrolled outgoings despite having a traced payment. With the linking rule there is an extra step'.

From e-commerce to booking platforms

Technologies present us with great challenges such as digital platforms, where there are forms of underground economy that you sometimes don't expect. Our department in Udine detected a company that sells cars online without a commercial structure where they can be seen or picked up. In this case there was undeclared income of over 1.5 million. And there are many examples. Fortunately, legislation has also evolved a lot, also at European level. Moreover, sales by private individuals on online portals are becoming more and more frequent and this often becomes a habitual and therefore commercial fact, and action is being taken so that above a certain threshold of income it can be considered a non-occasional activity'.

Another front is online accommodation bookings: 'Large companies operating accommodation service portals have to pay taxes to the tax administrations. Two multinationals have paid out almost a billion euros'.

The numbers of the unobserved economy

The numbers of the underground economy still make one's wrists shake. In Italia there is an unobserved economy that, according to the most recent estimates, is worth 217.5 billion and adds up to the submerged economy (about 198 billion) and illegal activities. A figure worth 10% of the national GDP. "These are estimated values because it is a part of the economy that is not known. It may be 10 points, 9 or 11 certainly the phenomenon is complex," De Gennaro said in his speech. "We usually talk about the unobserved economy, but we distinguish between the undeclared of those who do not pay the taxes due, and the undeclared of those who do not pay because the wealth comes from illegal activities."

Prevention and repression

How do we combat undeclared work? The direction is twofold: prevention and repression. "Not only controls, but prevention can mean, for example, a simplification of obligations" with "less bureaucracy", suggested the commanding general. On the repression side, it is necessary to carry out 'controls mainly by being able to identify new forms of illegality. An important recourse is the use of technology, with great sharing with other institutional actors. For years, in fact, there has been a strong sharing of activities with other institutional actors, particularly the tax revenue agencies,' he added.

Money laundering in Italia between 25 and 35 billion

Another profile in which the Guardia di Finanza is at the forefront is the fight against money laundering. "The Uif of the Bank of Italy estimates that in Italia, in the five-year period 18-22, money laundering amounts to between 25 and 35 billion euro per year, between 1.5 and 2% of the national GDP". Again, the phenomenon is very complex: "We are used to thinking of money laundering," De Gennaro added, "as the reinjection of sums from drug trafficking into the legal economy. But the crimes are broader and include evasion, corruption and fraud. The methods of money laundering are the most varied and complex'.

The help of artificial intelligence in risk analysis

The Guardia di Finanza is also engaged with other institutional actors in the fight against irregular work. On this front, a 'conspicuous and complex database' and its management 'must be as reliable as possible to forms of artificial intelligence, instruments that can process very quickly' and that give results 'manageable in the field'. And, the commanding general explained, 'in risk analysis, the foundation of our activity, artificial intelligence plays a role'.

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