Ipsos-Studio Previti

Deepfake, concern grows among companies and citizens

71% of Italians are aware of the phenomenon but few know how to recognise it. Undersecretary Barachini: 'An ad hoc crime is provided for in the draft law on artificial intelligence'.

by Andrea Biondi

3' min read

3' min read

There was a time when seeing was enough to believe. Now, seeing has become the first step to being deceived. And the lie no longer needs to hide. It shows itself in high definition, looks into the camera, speaks with your voice. It is the deception that looks like you. It is the deepfake.

A conference was held in Milan - hosted by Intesa Sanpaolo - with a title that sounds like something out of a dystopian novel: 'Deepfake. Between reality and illusion. Unmasking manipulation. Protecting the truth'. Behind it, however, there is an Ipsos - Studio Previti survey that tells an established truth: deepfakes are not a geek's game. They are a real threat - cultural, economic, democratic.

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74% of the world's population knows that you can make realistic videos with artificial intelligence. In Italy, 71% know this. Yet 38% do not know what a deepfake really is, while only 41% claim to be able to recognise it. The truth, in short, is under attack, but we are not yet equipped to defend it.

Companies are showing a little more readiness: 3 out of 4 fear fake news as a risk to their business. And it is not just caution. It is experience. "Every day we come across images created with artificial intelligence portraying important personalities from the worlds of show business, cinema, economics, and politics peddling phantom financial investments, miraculous slimming products, or fake competitions with prizes, misleading many people,' said Stefano Longhini, Director of Collective Entity Management, Copyright Protection, and Litigation. Legal Affairs Director Rti Spa. The list of falsified faces sounds like the cast of a fraudulent fiction: Maria De Filippi recommending miraculous slimming products, Paolo Del Debbio sponsoring bogus investments, Pier Silvio Berlusconi giving non-existent prizes. All invented, all convincing. More than it should be.

"The platforms," Longhini adds, "claim to be doing 'everything reasonably within their power' to prevent the phenomenon of ad grooming, but this is clearly not the case because it is clearly emerging in the proceedings that they have technologies that could decisively limit the phenomenon.

Mediaset responded on several fronts, including civil lawsuits, criminal complaints and interventions with authorities such as Agcm and Consob. The legislator has also started to move. The undersecretary for Information, Alberto Barachini, recalled that the bill on artificial intelligence, under consideration by the Chamber of Deputies after the Senate's first 'yes' vote, contains 'an absolute novelty at international level, namely the institution of the new crime of deepfake. A regulation that is also a point of reference for other countries, at a time when the European debate on the AI Act is still ongoing and the large platforms are under scrutiny.

Meanwhile, citizens and companies are calling for shields: software to expose fakes (64% among companies, 47% among citizens), stricter rules (42%), penalties for those who steal identity and credibility (36%). Of course, the issue poses hitherto unaddressed, unknown problems. Deepfake does not only falsify images. It falsifies evidence, and with it trust. And the feeling is almost that of chasing a shadow with an empty torch. 'Deepfakes are making real what is not: you can no longer ignore the phenomenon,' said Vincenzo Colarocco of Studio Previti.

The challenge looming on the horizon is twofold: on the one hand, the need for an up-to-date and coherent regulatory framework, and on the other, the need for a more robust digital culture, capable of recognising and countering the disinformation conveyed by technologically sophisticated content.

As Andrea Alemanno of Ipsos recalled, 'the deepfake phenomenon is starting to become known, and that is good because knowledge is one of the best antidotes'. But in the face of rapidly evolving technology, countermeasures - regulatory, technological and cultural - will also have to evolve just as quickly.

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