The October meeting

ECB, rate cut to avoid risk of falling behind

Analysts expect a rate cut after September's inflation figure came in below the 2 per cent target

La presidente della Banca centrale europea, Christine Lagarde

2' min read

2' min read

Expectations are almost unambiguous: the European Central Bank will also cut interest rates in October. The deposit rate may drop to 3.25%, the reference rate (at this stage less relevant) to 3.45%. Monetary policy will remain restrictive, but requires risk management at this stage, to avert the risk of falling too far 'behind' the inflation trend.

Inflation below target

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L’INFLAZIONE IN EUROLANDIA

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The very surprising September surprise certainly does not draw a trend, and not only because it is isolated: it is related to energy trends. In fact, inflation fell to 1.8%, below target, while in September the introductory press conference statement continued to warn that 'inflation is expected to pick up again in the latter part of this year, not least because previous sharp falls in energy prices will no longer affect the rates calculated over the twelve months', a scenario that still cannot be ruled out.

Still wide gap between goods and services

LE COMPONENTI DELL’INFLAZIONE CORE

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Core inflation, however, still remains relatively high, at 2.7 per cent: if inflation of productive goods continues to be low, the difficulty of containing the speed of prices of services, which are an approximate set of the most rigid prices, is confirmed: the distance of the dynamics between the two aggregates has never been so high, and for the ECB this remains a problem (even if authoritative economists believe that it may be a pretext to keep monetary policy somewhat rigid.

Services still under pressure

INFLAZIONE TRIMESTRALE ANNUALIZZATA

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Even the trend of the - very volatile - annualised quarterly inflation data (which projects three months' inflation for twelve months only) shows that the results are not yet fully established: overall and manufacturing inflation has reversed course (but remains high) while services and thus core inflation are still pointing upwards.

Inflation expectations rising slightly

QUOTAZIONE DI MERCATO

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Long-term inflation expectations, as measured by 5y5y swaps, remain close to the target, closer than in previous months; but they showed a very slight upward trend, not worrying, but certainly not entirely consistent with a sustainable disinflation scenario.

Stable financial conditions

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I RENDIMENTI DEL 2024

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Financial conditions - in the academic definition - also remained essentially stable. Market quotations of inflation expectations, which are far more important than past inflation figures, do not seem to have given much weight to the recent inflation figures: the medium-long term component has indeed declined, despite some increased risks (the French situation, in particular), but the short term component, which expresses and implements monetary policy, has risen slightly. The effective euro exchange rate was stable.

Il debito pubblico sfiora i 3.000 miliardi

A risk management perspective

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A rate cut in October, until a few weeks ago considered decidedly less likely, does not change the situation much but allows the ECB to manage the risk of being surprised by lower-than-expected inflation, at least in the overall figure. At 3.25-3.45% - the rates that should be decided - the cost of very short-term credit remains above the neutral level that, according to some indications of the central bank itself, can be between 2 and 2.50%, but anticipates by a couple of months (the next meeting is scheduled for 12 December) the descent of rates. Just in case...

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