The contribution to the economy

The work of foreigners is worth 9% of GDP. And Veneto alone weighs more than the South

For the Leone Moressa Foundation in 2024 the value is 177 billion. Employees with non-Italian citizenship are 10.5%

by Bianca Lucia Mazzei Valentina Melis

Sergej - stock.adobe.com

3' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

3' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

The contribution of foreign workers to the national GDP is worth 177 billion: it is 9% of the total added value produced by employment in Italy (1,966 billion euro according to the national economic accounts). Workers with non-Italian citizenship are 2.51 million and represent 10.5% of the total workforce.

These are some of the numbers of the 15th Annual Report on the Economy of Immigration 'From foreigners to new Italians: how immigration is changing', by the Leone Moressa Foundation, which will be presented on 20 October in Rome (Cnel, from 11am to 1pm) and which Il Sole 24 Ore del Lunedì can anticipate.

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"The GDP of immigration"

In reality, the number of employed persons of non-Italian origin is higher, but the acquisition of citizenship makes these workers progressively drop out of the statistics of foreigners. At the beginning of 2024, there were almost two million Italian citizens from another country.

What Fondazione Moressa calls the 'GDP of immigration' has therefore exceeded the 8.8% incidence on the total added value recorded in 2023. '9% on the GDP is still a limited incidence and even lower than that of foreign workers,' explains Chiara Tronchin, a researcher at Fondazione Leone Moressa. 'The reason,' she continues, 'is to be found in the fact that foreign workers are placed in professions with lower added value.

The calculation of the contribution of foreign workers to GDP was carried out starting from the added value produced by those employed in Italy, assuming that for the same sector and region, the productivity of foreign employees is the same as that of Italians.

Most of the added value produced (in millions of euro) is concentrated in services, the sector with the largest number of foreign workers, as is the case for Italians. If one considers the incidence of the added value produced by foreigners on the total added value, the highest value is in agriculture (18%) and in construction (16.4%).

LA RICCHEZZA PRODOTTA PER REGIONE

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'The territorial analysis of the economic contribution of foreign employment,' Chiara Tronchin continues, 'shows a marked geographical polarisation, with a markedly higher incidence in the regions of Northern Italy. In fact, if we consider the added value produced by foreign workers in the regions of the South and the Islands, which amounts to 19.2 billion euro, we find that it is lower than the value recorded in Veneto alone, which reaches 19.8 billion euro.

The demographic effects

The Immigration Economy Report also assesses the contribution of foreign workers in terms of demographics and active population.

Forecasts drawn up by Eurostat predict for Italy in 2050 a decrease in the resident population of almost one million people (down to 58 million inhabitants), with a loss of three million employed persons compared to 2024. With the same productivity per employed person, this would translate into an 11% reduction in the added value produced (which would drop to 1,746 billion).

All this in the base scenario, which is considered the most likely. Without immigration, i.e. completely excluding migratory outflows and inflows, but considering only birth and death rates, Italy would lose as many as nine million residents and 6.8 million employed in 2050.

With productivity being equal, this would lead to a 25.6 per cent drop in added value (to EUR 1,463 billion).

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