The Barnier Plan

Manoeuvre 2025 in France: cuts and higher taxes without patrimonial assets

Exemptions for those with higher incomes will be temporarily reduced, while the 440 largest companies will pay extraordinary taxes for two years

Il primo ministro francese Michel Barnier durante il dibattito sul voto di censura presentata dalle sinistre e non approvata, dell’8 ottobre 2024.

3' min read

3' min read

An 'improvable' budget. Because it was written in 15 days. Michel Barnier, the French Prime Minister, opens the door to contributions from Parliament, but one aspect of the budget will remain unalterable: the rigour of the manoeuvre, which exceeds 60 billion, touches 2% of GDP and is reminiscent of the equally rigorous one of 1983.

"Let's not raise taxes please"

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The budget approved by the council of ministers, and sent to the chambers, includes cuts of 41.3 billion and higher taxes of 19.3 billion. 'We have no other choice,' Economy Minister Antoine Armand and Public Accounts Minister Laurent Saint-Martin said immediately in an interview with Figaro. "We are not raising taxes for pleasure, but out of a sense of responsibility."

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19.3 billion more revenue

The manoeuvre is demanding. There are at least 12 measures that adjust taxes. Individuals will have to contribute 5.7 billion to the increased revenue. A 'temporary differential contribution on very high incomes', lasting three years, will be introduced for a total of two billion.

All those with a taxable income of EUR 250,000 (for a single person without children) or EUR 500,000 (for a couple) will have to pay a minimum tax of 20 per cent of income, a measure that limits deductions and allowances.

Some exemptions on rental income will be reduced (the Bnb tax) and all tax brackets will be indexed to avoid loss of purchasing power. Other tax increases affect all consumers: electricity taxes, for example, are expected to generate revenue of three billion. The malus tax on the most polluting cars and that on airline tickets will increase.

From enterprises 13.6 billion

Companies are expected to contribute 13.6 billion. The 'exceptional contribution on the profits of large companies', around 440 companies, those with a turnover of more than one billion, is expected to last for two years and provides for two levels of taxation.

For companies with a turnover of less than three billion, the rate will be 20.6% the first year and 10.3% the second; for the others it will be 41.2% the first year and 20.6% the second. A specific tax is planned for shipping companies while Edf, the electricity company, will have to pay a dividend of two billion. The tax on buybacks will be 8%. Finally, the reduction of one of the production taxes, the Cvae, has been cancelled, contributing 1.1 billion to the manoeuvre.

Cuts of 41.3 billion

The cuts are more important. The number of civil servants will be reduced by 2,201 people, out of a total of 2.4 million. State expenditure will be cut by 25.1 billion, that of the Securité, the French welfare state, by 14.8 billion. Less incisive is the cut to local authorities, amounting to five billion. "We are far from an austerity cure," Barnier said, but it is "an effort to consolidate state spending".
Aid to companies will be cut by 2.4 billion and measures created in response to the recent crises (Covid and high inflation) will be scaled back. State development aid will be cut by 1.3 billion, subsidies for the purchase of electric cars by 500 million.

Welfare measures

Measures on welfare will include the postponement of the pension adjustment (3.6 billion) while subsidies to companies for wages close to the legal minimum will be reduced. Health care, through the control of prices and the volume of products purchased, the revision of co-payments and the optimisation of hospital procurement, will also contribute 3.2 billion.

The goal is to contain the 2025 deficit to 5% of GDP, with the idea of returning below 3% in 2029.

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