Network warfare

Hezbollah, pagers and the role of hackers in the Middle East war

Explosions and injuries in the silent conflict between Israel and Hezbollah: the war is also being fought in cyber space

Un’ambulanza guida mentre centinaia di membri del gruppo armato libanese Hezbollah, tra cui combattenti e medici, sono rimasti gravemente feriti  a causa dell’esplosione dei cercapersone utilizzati per comunicare, secondo una fonte di sicurezza, a Sidone, in Libano, il 17 settembre 2024. REUTERS/Aziz Taher

2' min read

2' min read

There is a silent and barely visible war between Hezbollah and Israel: the technological war. On 17 September, several explosions targeted Hezbollah members following the alleged tampering with pagers by Israeli forces. The explosions, which mainly involved the southern suburbs of Beirut, the Bekaa Valley and southern Lebanon, resulted in hundreds of injuries and some casualties. The attack is distinguished by the use of advanced technology, a sign that warfare no longer takes place only on the battlefield, but also in cyber space.

According to security sources and local media, Israeli intelligence manipulated the pagers used by Hezbollah members, provoking them to overheat and explode. Hezbollah, long aware of Israel's ability to infiltrate its communication systems, had already reduced the use of smartphones in favour of pagers, considered safer and more difficult to intercept. But if there is one thing this attack proves, it is that no technology can be entirely immune to external interference.

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Images circulated on social media show severely injured people, including Hezbollah fighters and medical personnel. Israel's ability to breach Hezbollah communications in this way represents an 'unprecedented security breach', according to an official of the Shia movement.

The role of technology in the war between Israel and Hezbollah

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The war between Hezbollah and Israel is gradually transforming, moving from the conventional military front to the technological one. The tampering with pagers represents a new chapter in this escalation and demonstrates the growing importance of cyberwarfare . Pagers are relatively antiquated communication tools, but for Hezbollah they represented an effective solution to avoid Israeli electronic eavesdropping.

Their tampering indicates the existence of vulnerabilities within the Shia organisation's communication systems, which Israel was able to exploit. According to military experts, the pagers were likely compromised before being distributed to Hezbollah members, suggesting deep infiltration by Israeli intelligence or a third party.

The political and military repercussions

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This attack comes at a time of particular tension between Israel and Hezbollah, which have been involved in clashes along the northern border since 2023. Exchanges of fire, which so far have not led to open warfare, have forced thousands of people to flee their homes on both sides of the border. Despite the escalation, Israel and Hezbollah have avoided sliding into a wider conflict, maintaining a fragile balance between military retaliation and the desire to avoid outright war.

Recent events, however, suggest that the situation could get worse. The use of cyber warfare and Israel's ability to inflict significant damage on Hezbollah communication facilities could push the Lebanese group to respond more aggressively. The hacker attack could mark a turning point, with Lebanon being pushed to rethink its communication and security strategies.

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