Trento Festival of Economics

Masciandaro: 'Politicians stay away from money. History teaches that they only make messes".

3' min read

3' min read

"Those who do not learn from their mistakes are destined to relive them". According to Donato Masciandaro, Bocconi University economist and monetary policy expert, the economic policy moves made by the US Trump administration2 in its first months in office are slowly recreating the premises for a new major crisis, as had already happened in 2008 with the 'end of the golden age' of central banks and the triggering of the subprime mortgage crisis, which then spread to Europe where it quickly turned into the sovereign debt crisis, putting the very survival of the euro at risk.

In one of the many dialogues that are animating the Trento Festival of Economics, dedicated to the 'new monetary policy routes of the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank', Masciandaro (who writes the 'Hawks & Doves' column in Il Sole 24 Ore, in which he scrutinises the activities of the central banks every week) retraced 'the journey to Ithaca that the central banks are trying to complete', that journey that would like to bring monetary policy back to normality, that is to say, to normality that means stable growth and low and stable inflation.

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But the storms churning and threatening the sea of uncertainties in which the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank are forced to navigate have been occurring almost non-stop since that 2008, which threatens to appear very distant: a large proportion of the students in the room in 2008 were in kindergarten.

"Currency must be kept away from politicians," warned Masciandaro, recalling the excess of liquidity that was created before 2008. "History tells us that when those who govern also want to deal with money and monetary issues, they botch things up."

Why? "Because, for those who administer a country, when faced with difficulties, the easiest thing is to print money. But that's how you create bubbles and sooner or later the bubbles burst', they rarely deflate, with all the consequences already seen in the last two decades. This is why Trump's constant and heavy-handed pressure and attacks on Fed Chairman Jerome Powell to lower interest rates are worrying. "It's not nice to wake up in the morning and see on social media that the president of the United States is mad at you".

Not least because, Masciandaro reminded us, unlike the ECB - whose general objectives and tasks are laid down in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and the ECB, so they can only be changed by the unanimity of the member states - the Fed's is based on a law that Congress, now controlled in both branches by the Republican Party, can change by a simple majority. And, apparently, this temptation is growing stronger.

Not least because the US has a problem, and not as of today: the public debt that has been downgraded by all the major rating agencies "because it is on an unsustainable growth path. Both presidential candidates knew this during the election campaign, but they were careful not to say so, partly because no one asked them. Voters, not only in the US, ignore these issues, they are more concerned about the price of eggs'.

To reduce the debt there are few choices: 'either raise taxes or cut spending, but either way there is a consensus problem'. So here it is that for Trump having lower interest rates would mean 'helping the debt' by reducing refinancing costs for the state. 'The strategy is therefore to attack Powell'. Masciandaro also renewed his criticism of the two main central banks, guilty - in the face of growing uncertainty - of having stopped announcing their strategies and being accountable to the market, with 'a holistic approach, as the ECB has said. But as I explain to my students,' the Bocconi professor commented, 'the only way to translate this expression is "a supercazzola"'. This only 'increases uncertainty and central banks, which should be the compass, themselves become catalysts of uncertainty'.

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