October pink month

Mayors sentinels of breast prevention

First video forum at the Sole 24 Ore with experts and associations dedicated to the month of combating the disease

by Nicoletta Cottone and Barbara Gobbi

Tumore al seno: sindaci sentinelle della prevenzione

4' min read

4' min read

Every day in our country 160 women discover they have breast cancer. And to beat cancer, the first cure is prevention. Prevention that must start in schools, that must be a way of life. We talked about this - during the first of four videoforums at Sole24ore dedicated to breast cancer prevention month - with Francesco Schittulli, national president of Lilt (Italian League against Cancer), Saverio Cinieri, president of the Aiom Foundation (Italian Association of Medical Oncology) and Pinuccia Musumeci, president of the Iosempredonna association.

Breast cancer big killer in oncology for women

Breast cancer is the big killer in oncology for women: 30% of all cancers that affect them are breast cancer. And 40% of all cancer diseases could be prevented by modifying risk factors. It is crucial to detect breast cancer at an early stage, because the probability of cure for tumours less than one centimetre in size is 90 per cent. It is therefore essential to comply with screening programmes, to have routine check-ups. Something that was lacking in the years of the Covid pandemic: between 2021 and 2022 there was a 3.5 per cent drop in breast screening adherence. And this meant later diagnoses, resulting in more severe cases.

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One million women in Italy have faced this cancer

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About one million Italian women have faced breast cancer. And 55,900 new breast cancers were diagnosed in 2023. Today as many as 37,000 women in Italy are living with metastatic breast cancer. Strategies to achieve zero mortality from breast cancer are therefore indispensable. And prevention is so important that the Ministry of Health is considering extending the active call for mammography screening to broader age groups, from 45 to 74.

Prevention from school, because cancer does not knock at 50

At present, prevention programmes in schools are almost non-existent. 'Lifestyles,' stresses Francesco Schittulli, national president of Lilt, 'are fundamental, because cancer does not knock at 50 and go away at 69. Cancer develops and penetrates even in 30-, 35-, 40-year-old girls and even in over-80-year-old women. We must try to do prevention, starting in schools, thus spreading the culture of prevention as a way of life. I am referring especially to 16, 17, 18-year-old girls. We should also try to teach them, through the teaching staff, self-assessment, not so much as a formative means, but as an informative one. The girl must be familiar with this organ, knowing that it is a target organ. She must also know that from the age of 25, 30 she must have a breast examination, accompanied by an ultrasound. Then from the age of 40 she must add mammography'.

Artificial Intelligence is also in the field

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Artificial intelligence also comes into play in prevention. Schittulli recalls that 'we register 85 per cent cures for breast cancer in the country: we could already reach 98 per cent today if we had increasingly careful, precise, sophisticated diagnostics. Also thanks to artificial intelligence, we can even anticipate the diagnosis of neoplastic breast lesions by a few years'.

Mayors sentinels of prevention

And he proposes mayors as sentinels of breast cancer prevention. In fact, Professor Schittulli emphasises that 'it would be appropriate for mayors to invite their citizens annually to perform the examinations that have already been scheduled, so that people can always remain healthy'. A proposal immediately taken up by Aiom Foundation president Saverio Cinieri: 'The mayors' call to screening can be a new vision and an important stimulus, because screening in Italy today does not reach the rates of other countries in the world. And after the pandemic, unfortunately, even in the northern regions, for example in Lombardy, there is a collapse in the adherence to screening, which have proven to be effective in making an early diagnosis'. Pinuccia Musumeci, president of Iosempredonna, also fully agrees: 'I think it is a very interesting proposal: if the municipality, and therefore the mayor, issues an invitation to adhere to screening, the person is more solicited and therefore more informed.

Genomic testing

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Diagnosis also means using genomic tests to prevent women from undergoing chemotherapy when it is not necessary. 'At the moment, only 50 per cent of women who would be entitled to it,' says Saverio Cinieri, president of the Aiom Foundation, 'have access to the possibility of having these tests. And the important thing is that, once the early diagnosis has been made, the woman has a road that leads her to the medical oncologist who, depending on the clinical situation, may or may not decide to subject the patient to chemotherapy. We have a very important piece of information from these tests that can tell us, by making a molecular diagnosis on the tumour, hence not on the patient, whether the woman has a high or low risk related to her biology. And this obviously concerns all those patients who have a grey area'.

Pink monuments to push prevention

"There are many initiatives that associations organise to give voice to the importance of embracing prevention to fight breast cancer," emphasises Iosempredonna president Pinuccia Musumeci, "a disease that is still very frightening. And there are various activities, but the most effective are those that send out a colourful and silent message of awareness, such as pink knitting, street furniture or illuminating monuments. We are happy to have coloured the lives of so many women with pink. Thanks in part to the events we have promoted since 2009, our area has the highest adherence to screening in Tuscany. And our region is among those that have already extended the age of the call from 45 to 74'. On the occasion of Breast Cancer Prevention Month, the Ministry of Culture, together with Komen Italia, has launched a series of initiatives to raise awareness and information on the disease by lighting up large monuments in pink, from the Colosseum to the Galleria Borghese.

Roma, il Colosseo in rosa contro il tumore al seno

Early diagnosis is a winning weapon against cancer

Closing the circle is Professor Schitulli: 'The regions must invest in prevention, in early diagnosis, which is the only winning weapon against cancer, strengthened also by the availability of treatments and thus greater knowledge. We should fight to ensure that there is no territorial reality without this equipment, at least the basic ultrasound and mammography equipment. And then stimulate through an educational process all women to perform these examinations'. The strongest gap is between the North and the South of the country. 'In the North,' recalls Schitulli, 'we get more cancer, but we die less. And this is also true for breast cancer'.

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