Towards Expo 2025

Milan brings its industrious spirit to Osaka with Leonardo's drawings

by Stefano Salis

Codice Atlantico, il battiloro (De Agostini Picture Library)

5' min read

5' min read

There is perhaps no stronger, more instinctive and justified link between the word 'genius' and the name Leonardo da Vinci. Italian pride, a universal spirit, a mind that surpasses epochs and crosses geographies: all this was the thinker and artist (1452-1519) who, with the totality of his work and some immortal masterpieces, bore witness to the intellectual and artistic possibilities of mankind, in all its marvellous complexity, in a tireless competition with the study and understanding of nature, its mechanisms, its properties: a summit of world culture. That is why every time Leonardo's name recurs, one must, at the very least, raise one's antennae. And if we add the city of Milan to Leonardo, we cannot but converge on a decisive point: the Codex Atlanticus.

"Leonardo lived in Milan for 19 years, it is a city that he shaped with his interventions, with his projects, some realised and some not. This is where he completed some of his most famous works and where the Codex Atlanticus is kept," began Monsignor Alberto Rocca, Director of the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, who, in a chat with Il Sole 24 Ore reveals, in an exclusive preview, the strength and reasons behind a project that links Milan, Leonardo and Osaka, Japan, the setting for the next international Expo, which is now just around the corner.

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Codice Atlantico, studi di ombre composite (De Agostini Picture Library)

"The Codex Atlanticus is the world's largest collection of Leonardo da Vinci's drawings and autograph writings and has been preserved in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan since 1637," explains Rocca. Consisting of 1119 sheets spanning Leonardo's intellectual life over a period of more than forty years - from 1478 to 1519 - it covers a wide range of topics: from sketches and preparatory drawings for paintings to mathematical research, fables and gastronomic recipes to curious and futuristic designs for contraptions such as hydraulic pumps, parachutes and war machines.

That's it: for Expo 2025 Osaka will host, at the Italian Pavilion, four drawings from Leonardo Da Vinci's Atlantic Codex, which will be displayed, in rotation, for the duration of the event. A further extraordinary opportunity to export the wonders and cultural significance of Leonardo and his undeniable Italian-ness to the world. The exhibition of the precious pages of the Codex Atlanticus is made possible thanks to the collaboration with the City of Milan, which has realised the 'Milan and Leonardo' project. It will be, and he does not conceal a hint of legitimate pride Monsignor Rocca, "like building a concrete bridge between cultures", and he can well say so, since he himself is a profound admirer of Japan and knows well, in its recesses, the cultural peculiarities of the Land of the Rising Sun where he has spent long periods of study. "The Japanese will enthusiastically welcome these papers," Rocca is certain: he will personally accompany them and "explain" them to the Expo audience with certainly one and probably two knowledgeable lectures. "It is a healthily curious public, with a great attention to culture and a great interest in Italy. The proof, after all, has already been there. This is not the first time the Ambrosiana has flown its treasures all the way to Japan: previous exhibitions (including one in 2013) attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors in just a few months.

After all, what seems 'common' to us is an amazing 'unicum' to the Japanese.

Codice Atlantico, disegni architettonici (De Agostini Picture Library)

If we add to the codex sheets that a painting by Domenico Tintoretto, portraying Sukemasu Itô Mancio (1570-1612), one of the four Japanese noblemen converts to Christianity who were sent to Italy in 1585 as ambassadors to the Apostolic See, will arrive in Japan, thanks to the Trivulzio Foundation, it is understandable why the curiosity of the locals will be at its highest.

The aim of the loans is to enhance Milan and Leonardo Da Vinci's legacy at an international level by promoting Leonardo Da Vinci's Milanese oeuvre as a whole and by encouraging the discovery of an extraordinary moment in the city's history, characterised by a peculiar interpretation of the Renaissance thanks to the presence in Milan of exceptional personalities, such as Leonardo and Bramante, who were commissioned by Ludovico il Moro.

And indeed, Monsignor Rocca happily dwells on the peculiarities of the designs chosen to go to Japan.

The four folios selected by the City of Milan and the Italian Pavilion under the guidance and supervision of the Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana, will offer visitors a unique opportunity to explore the Maestro's ingenuity: there is architecture, of course, but above all, in Leonardo's multifaceted drawing, there is the Milan that produces, works, innovates, then as now. A perfect metaphor of time.

The sheets can be exhibited for a maximum of 90 days, after which they must return 'to rest'. "Milan was a city that promoted culture and industry," explains Rocca, "and so the choice of a large beating machine was made. The metal was made to slide on the anvil, while the beating mallet is connected to the complex upper frame where many automatic devices operate' and, again, 'that of the spinning wheel with a crank and many of its details. Clearly, these are tributes to that 'savoir-faire' and perhaps also to an ante litteram 'made in Italy' that are still the strongest sign (and hopefully the sign of continuity) of our presence in the manufacturing world and beyond. Milan, after all, is the city of fashion, of fashion, and so to be represented in Osaka by a textile spinning instrument takes on an almost prophetic significance.

Codice Atlantico, un Filatoio a manovella con molti suoi particolari (De Agostini Picture Library)

The other two sheets chosen for the Japanese trip are also iconic. "Cities and architectures, the study of composite shadows", in which Leonardo was a master, and, in the fourth, "here are the architectural studies for the basilica of San Lorenzo in Milan with a terrestrial globe inscribed inside a circle indicating the sphere of water and fire and invested with the blowing of winds". Pen and ink on paper, drawings of astonishing precision, the testimony of a 'civilisation' of making and openness to art that then, as now, has made Milan an Italian supremacy.

The Italian Pavilion at Expo Osaka was designed by architect Mario Cucinella and is a modern reinterpretation of the ideal Renaissance city, with places typical of Italy's urban identity. The theme of the Pavilion is Art Regenerates Life with 'Art' understood in a broad sense: it is synonymous with beauty, culture, creativity. And it is in this context that Leonardo's drawings fit perfectly, marking the starting point of a thought and an exhibition itinerary that links masterpieces of ancient art and contemporary installations between art and science.

"The decision to bring to Expo 2025 Osaka some papers by Leonardo, a timeless symbol of Italian genius," says Ambassador Mario Vattani, Commissioner General for Italy at Expo 2025 Osaka, "should not be understood as a tribute to the past. In our commitment to tell the story of a dynamic Italy projected into the world, the Codex Atlanticus becomes a testimony to the constant tension towards the harmonious fusion of art, engineering and science that is at the basis of Italian identity and our ability to innovate'. The pages of the Codex will be visible to the public from 13 April, when the Italian Pavilion at Expo Osaka opens its doors. To the public and to the future.

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