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Neuroselling: how neuroscience is reshaping our understanding of purchasing decisions

Russo and Gabrielli’s book challenges the linear view of purchasing decisions, showing how choices emerge from rapid, fragmented and often unconscious processes

4' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

4' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

In my last two contributions to this column, I’ve talked about a couple of books on sales and negotiation that I’ve read recently, linked by a common thread that I’d call ‘don’t confuse’. The first, by Blount’s *Objections*, which is based on not confusing an objection with a rejection; the second by Chris Voss on negotiation, centred on not confusing negotiation with pressure. Today I’m focusing on not confusing a decision with the explanation of that decision, drawing inspiration from Neuroselling, by the two Italian authors Vincenzo Russo and Giorgio Gabrielli (published by Hoepli)

The term ‘neuroselling’ tends (at least for me, though I know I’m not the only one) to elicit two opposing reactions. On the one hand, there is the idea of sales ‘enhanced’ by neuroscience, almost a more sophisticated version of traditional persuasion. On the other, the suspicion that it is a reinterpretation – fascinating though it may be, but ultimately somewhat superficial – which adds little in practice to already familiar concepts of sales communication.

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For me, approaching psychological issues from a background and experience in economics and sociology, the book *Neuroselling* occupies a more measured position than either of these interpretations. The point is not to equip the salesperson with new tools of influence, but to put into perspective one of the most deeply ingrained assumptions in sales: that people make decisions through a linear, fully conscious process, and that commercial communication can guide them in an orderly manner from start to finish. It is clear that, particularly in certain methodological and procedural aspects, this perspective is especially useful and systematic. At the same time, however, according to the book’s simple yet significant core argument, decisions do not unfold in accordance with the rational narrative we often attribute to them. The explanation often comes later, as a coherent reconstruction of a process that took shape through faster, more fragmented and not always fully conscious stages.

This is the basis for the whole concept of neuroselling. Not as a set of techniques, but as an attempt to realign the language of sales with the actual workings of decision-making processes.

From this perspective, one of the aspects of the book that struck me most – if only because it deals with subjects I am somewhat familiar with – is the dialogue, at times implicit and at times explicit, with certain classic works in the fields of cognitive psychology and persuasion.

Take Cialdini’s ‘six principles’, for example. They are often cited in the literature as practical tools of persuasion: reciprocity, consistency, social proof, authority, likability and scarcity. In their book, Russo and Gabrielli do not question these, but broaden the scope of their interpretation. They are not treated as levers to be activated to influence behaviour, but as recurring patterns through which people tend to simplify complex decisions, especially when information is incomplete and the cognitive load is high. From this perspective, their value is not merely prescriptive but descriptive: they do not indicate ‘what to do to persuade’, but help us to understand some typical ways in which people arrive at a choice.

The same applies to Kahneman and behavioural finance. In the System 1 and System 2 model, the distinction concerns two modes of thought: one that is more immediate, automatic and based on rapid associations, and one that is slower and more deliberative, requiring attention and conscious control.

In the book, this distinction is emphasised not so much as a rigid separation between two types of decision, but as a way of describing the constant alternation between rapid and more reflective processes. In economic decision-making, these two modes are not mutually exclusive: they overlap, and often the more deliberate component comes into play retrospectively to organise or stabilise a choice that has already been set in motion.

The implication is significant. If decisions do not always arise from a linear and comprehensive thought process, then the processes of selling and buying are ‘models’ – extremely useful for interpreting reality, but not sufficient to determine it. The issue therefore shifts from ‘persuading more effectively’ to understanding how people actually come to make decisions in conditions of uncertainty, information overload and intermittent attention.

From this perspective, I find one of the most significant aspects within the vast body of literature on sales, which moves away from the idea that understanding the brain means gaining an immediate tactical advantage. On the contrary, the more one observes real-life decision-making processes, the less credible a view of persuasion as a controllable sequence of stimuli and responses appears. One of the most interesting effects of this approach is the shift in focus from the message to the decision-making context. If the issue is not merely ‘what to say’ but ‘how a choice is formed’, then the quality of the sale also depends on the ability to reduce ambiguity, cognitive friction and information overload.

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From this perspective, neuroselling does not propose definitive theories of persuasion, but suggests that people do not always follow an orderly and predictable path when making purchases, and that many rational explanations for their choices only emerge once the decision has largely been made. There is therefore no promise of greater control over the customer, but at the same time it is worth remembering how, whilst perhaps useful from a methodological point of view, the opposite idea is in practice fragile: namely, that people really do make decisions in the linear way that companies, salespeople and often people themselves imagine they do.

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