Lab24-CIMA Foundation

Rain and snow, the North leads: +42% above average. Drought in the South

Italy has experienced two winters: rain and snow in the North, drought in the South and islands. From today the new Lab24-CIMA Foundation dashboard with all provincial data is online

by Luca Salvioli

Il nuovo osservatorio Pioggia e Siccità sviluppato da Lab24

3' min read

3' min read

There have been two winters in Italy. The one in the north brought rain and snow at high altitudes such as we have not seen in years. From the Apennines downwards, and particularly in the southern regions and islands, the drought emergency has worsened.

Now available on the Sole 24 Ore website is a page realised by Lab24 and in collaboration with Fondazione CIMA, which contains up-to-date data on the most significant variables for monitoring the state of water, snow, soil moisture and temperature in the various Italian provinces. With timely and constantly updated data, on a monthly basis, from 2011 to date.

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The two Italian winters

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The latest available snapshot tells us that after two years of deficit, the snow water equivalent (Swe), an indicator that defines the water contained in snow, has risen nationally from +1% in April to +42% today compared to the 2011-2022 average. This is a key value, because snowmelt in spring, and thus its quantity, fills our catchment areas.

NEVE NELLE REGIONI ITALIANE, SERIE STORICHE

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"The recovery occurred at the tail end of the winter," says Francesco Avanzi, researcher at CIMA Research Foundation, "in the Po basin we went from the end of February, when we had a snow water equivalent deficit of 60%, to the current +40%. For this time of year we are in one of the years with the most snow since 2011. And half of our snow goes into the Po basin'.

CIMA Foundation is a research body and centre of expertise of the Italian Civil Protection Department on climate change-related risks (floods, forest fires, droughts).

In the Alps, the last few cool and wet weeks have resulted in positive snow water equivalent data (+44%). "Totally different is the situation from the Arno down, where we had an extremely dry and warm winter. On the Apennines, the snow season actually never started. It was little and only on the highest peaks'.

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The drought emergency remains in the south

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CIMA's assessment for the Tiber, which is considered an index for the central Apennine area, estimates a deficit of 12% compared to the historical period. However, this value is not entirely representative, because by now the snow season in central Italy is nearing its end. To give an idea of how complex the winter was in those areas, and therefore how complicated the summer could be, the figure for a month ago on the Tiber is more significant: -80%.

"In the centre-south we have the most critical situation. In monitoring here as an indicator, at this point in the season, we can consider soil moisture, which can be seen from the observatory's maps. The most critical situation is in the Ionian regions, the islands and Calabria'.

The researcher concludes: 'The other aspect that it is important to highlight at the end of this winter is that there continues to be a large deficit of snow at altitudes below 1800 metres, both in the Alps and the Apennines. Snow was only plentiful in the Alps and only above 2,000 metres, where the seasonal temperature zero has not yet been significantly exceeded. In other words, below certain altitudes, the temperatures were too high and, even with abundant precipitation, led to an early melting of the snow'.

And on the coming weeks: 'We will keep an eye on the heat waves. Because it is true that there is also a lot of snow in the north, but to be really useful it has to melt slowly between now and July'.

As for the view that emerges when looking at the time series since 2011, from the provincial historical graphs on the dashboard created by Sole 24 Ore in collaboration with CIMA Foundation "what we see very clearly is the increase in temperatures. Precipitation is more brisk. Snowfall is decreasing, extreme phenomena are increasing'.

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