Economics and Finance

Second-hand fashion, driven by new markets, fast fashion and young people

Shopping in evolution. Growing worldwide, especially in Asia, selling and buying used fashion is no longer a niche choice but a new consumer model. And, for brands, an unprecedented revenue channel

by Chiara Beghelli

Close Up Of Young Woman Buying Used Sustainable Clothes From Second Hand Charity Shop

4' min read

4' min read

Almost 20 million views of the first episodes of the fourth season (in the first four days alone) have already decreed that 'Emily in Paris', the successful Netflix series, will have a fifth. As it was 20 years ago for 'Sex and The City' (with which it shares the creator, Darren Star), in the series starring Lily Collins, fashion not only has a starring role, but also finds an interesting laboratory for development. In one episode, in fact, for the first time one of the protagonists enters a temporary store of Vestiaire Collective, a platform specialising in second-hand luxury, to sell a dress. At the same time, it was on Vestiaire Collective that a selection of creations inspired by the characters of the series was put on sale.

Fifteen years after the launch of the first platform dedicated to second-hand luxury, the market has come of age, abandoning its niche status to become a consumer paradigm with full dignity in a context where attention to price and sustainability and the desire for uniqueness are increasingly decisive elements in orienting consumption.

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Growth prospects

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According to ThredUp's latest Resale Report, the global second-hand market will reach $350 billion by 2028, with an average annual growth rate of 12%. Moreover, by next year, 10% of global clothing sales will be second-hand. "This development is a powerful jolt to move the fashion ecosystem towards circularity," commented James Reinhart, ceo of ThredUp. In 2023, 139 apparel brands were offering resale services, up 39 from the previous year. A growing interest that can also be explained, the report notes, by the fact that this resale channel is expected to generate 10 per cent of brands' revenues within the next five years.

Fast fashion brands in the field

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Another of the most interesting aspects of this new phase of second-hand is that it no longer only concerns luxury, but also and increasingly fast fashion, which finds in this formula an effective and efficient channel to improve its complex sustainability parameters. The most striking case is that of H&M: on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the launch of the first Guest Designer project for H&M, the new capsule traditionally made in collaboration with a designer is this year composed of garments from previous collections, sourced in cooperation with the pre-loved Sellpy platform and vintage stores around the world.

Zara, the core brand of the Inditex group, has just extended its Pre-Owned platform to the US - offering not only resale but also repair and donation - which now reaches 17 countries and aims to extend to all its key markets (out of a total of 93) within the next year.

It is already two years since the giant Shein made available Shein Exchange, a resale platform where users can buy and sell used branded items: already available in the US (where it has gathered 4.2 million new users, with over 115,000 used items for sale from over 95,000 sellers), France, the UK and Germany, Shein plans to extend it further.

New markets: Asia in the lead, from China to India

Now, Asia and China in particular are the areas where second-hand will grow fastest within the next few years, according to ThredUp. According to iResearch, the second-hand luxury market in China will touch USD 30 billion in 2025, a real boom from USD 8 billion in 2020. Livestreaming sales on platforms such as Douyin or Xiaohongshu are very popular in the country, and are much loved by the digital native generation: according to data collected by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Gen Z and Gen Y under 40 together account for over 80% of all second-hand luxury customers, who are no longer considered to be potentially embarrassing (because they are second-hand), since buying vintage or rare objects is increasingly synonymous with good taste and refinement. This is therefore a promising market, in a context of a slowdown in full-price purchases, as demonstrated by the recent acquisition by Zhuanzhuan, a platform for the sale of used electronic products, of Hongbulin (Plum), a consumer-to-consumer sales platform for second-hand luxury goods, from which we expect the birth of a giant competitor for Vestiaire Collective and The RealReal, which have struggled to develop, especially in mainland China.

Also developing fast are the second-hand markets in areas that are entering the luxury market, such as Africa: the South African marketplace Yaga, for instance, founded four years ago is expanding into Kenya and Nigeria, having sold around 2 million pieces for a turnover of $28 million.

Also in India, according to Iamarc Group, the luxury second hand market is expected to exceed USD 1 billion by 2028, with an average annual growth of 12 per cent, driven mainly by young customers in Tier 2 and 3 cities. Mumbai-based specialist platform Luxépolis, with 3.5 million users, saw its sales rise by 80 per cent in 2023.

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