Letter to the saver

Tesla, Musk thinks about artificial intelligence, but now it is necessary to sell cars

Focus. In spite of the bad quarterly report, the stock has made a bang. The bet is on the low-priced electric car: now, however, words must be followed by deeds

by Vittorio Carlini

ELON MUSK AD TESLA

5' min read

5' min read

Don the one hand the very negative first quarter figures for 2024. On the other hand, the stock on the stock market, which, after the publication of the quarterly report, soared (+20.52% in the following two sessions). This is the paradoxical context that has recently characterised the world of Tesla. So much so that one wonders: what happened? What happened was that, in between, there was Elon Musk's conference call with investors. A meeting in which the group's founder played a dual character. First, he played the role of manager, promising concrete business developments. Then he assumed the role - more congenial to him - of visionary strategist. A mix that so far has appealed to a large part of the operators.

TRIMESTRI A CONFRONTO

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Low-cost car

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In particular, with regard to the concrete activity as a car maker, the South African entrepreneur indicated that Tesla will be able to launch the long-awaited 'low-cost' vehicle in the first part of 2025. The topic in question, on closer inspection, is not without its thorns for the US car maker. For some time now, in order to cope with the slowdown in sales - due to competition from China itself - the company has been aiming to manufacture an inexpensive electric vehicle. However, at the beginning of April, Reuters reported that Tesla had abandoned its plans for a 'low-cost' car (the Model 2) to be manufactured in its plants in Texas, India and a third state. Musk, for his part, reacted harshly: he called the news agency a 'liar'. Then, during the discussion of the quarterly accounts, he outlined his plans. A plan that, surprisingly enough considering Musk's radicalism, constitutes a compromise. The new vehicle will combine elements of both the current production platform and the 'next generation' one under development. In other words: the cost savings -on this front- will be lower than previously estimated, but the group will also have lower capital expenditure as there will be no new 'low cost' factories to open.

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LA DINAMICA DEI RICAVI

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Investors

The speech, to see the reaction on the stock market, was music to the ears of investors. However, in the face of the company's defaults on new products (just think of the Cybertruck's delays), there are those who point out some perplexities. The future low-cost vehicle 'brings with it many questions,' writes Ubs in a report, 'which the company has not really answered. A first question is: "what are" these cars really, "and to which buyer are they addressed?" Furthermore, says Ubs - "a lower cost may not be sufficient due to the lower prices of used Teslas". Finally: 'what is the timeline? Elon Musk mentioned 2025, but Tesla has had difficulty launching even refurbished products in the past'. The Swiss bank's misgivings are not isolated. Morgan Stanley points out that 'the new model strategy seems clearly "scaled back"'. It is an approach 'more akin to Toyota or Kaizen-style "continuous improvement" (...) rather than a major' turnaround. A context where, moreover, 'the Chinese might be able to quickly copy any conventional (non-autonomous) Electric Vehicle (EV) development'. In short: the doubts are there.

PRODUZIONE DI AUTO

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The positive option

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True! The stock market - which is always right on the investment issue - has rewarded the approach. More. Several analysts appreciate the new approach. 'I think it's good,' says Elliot Johnson, chief investment officer of Evolve Etf, 'that, on the one hand, the company is not going headlong into a factory expansion project', ignoring the challenges of the market; and that, on the other hand, 'the new model takes advantage of the production lines' already in place. "The intention", then, "to speed up the launch of new models, including the most affordable ones," echoes Madeline Ruid, Research Analyst at Global X, "could be a positive sign". Carmakers that manage to launch "more affordable EV models in the US in the next two years, around $30,000 or less, could gain a competitive advantage". That said, however, the basic objection remains: within the market positivity - represented by the bullish flow in the stock market - there are discordant voices. Comments that, those who are not loyal Musk followers, must take into account.

FLUSSI DI CASSA

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The visionary strategy

Yeah, keep in mind. With respect to the conference call, it is worth noting - here is the second role played by the South African manager - another front. That of the artificial intelligence platform and autonomous driving. 'Tesla is an Artificial Intelligence company,' Musk commented. Those who do not believe that (the group, ed.) is going to have autonomous (driving) should not invest in it'.

Thus many were the references to the 'Robo Taxi' (the presentation is expected on 8 August) and to the technology - based on AI - of autonomous driving with the Full Self-Driving (FSD) system. These are some of the pieces of the future hi-tech ecosystem based (also) on electric mobility. That is: on the one hand, there is a large market for electric vehicles with FSD; and, on the other hand, the same market is connected to an alternative network to traditional ride-hailing services such as Uber and Lyft (where Tesla owners can lend out their own vehicles, when they are not using them). All this - thanks to the same energy production and storage infrastructure as Tesla - with lower costs and accessibility to AI-based mobility services without the human agent.

Needless to say, this vision also struck a chord with the collective imagination of investors. Especially those who are 'fans' of Musk. 'Tesla,' points out Matteo Di Castelnuovo, professor of energy economics at sda Boconi, 'is one of the few examples of a new company capable, on the one hand, of becoming important; and, on the other, of breaking the dominance of traditional manufacturers. Therefore, 'the authority it has gained - beyond the extravagances of Musk himself - is still intact'. Having said that, however, 'at the moment, it is necessary that, with regard to more short-term issues such as the 'low-cost' car, words are followed by deeds'. Not least because with regard to the AI and FSD front - even though Tesla has achieved important results - 'the timeframe for, for example, realising the maximum level 5 is still uncertain'. Here, in fact, 'it is not only technology that matters, but also external variables such as regulation and technological infrastructure'.

Business Dynamics

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Beyond this, what is the outlook for the car business (compared to Energy see box below graphs)? To answer this question, it is useful to recall the figures for the last quarter. Compared to the same period in 2023, total revenues fell by 9% (car sales -13%). The GAAP gross margin (17.4%) slipped 199 basis points, while non-GAAP net profit lost 48%. Finally: free cash flow was negative USD 2.5 billion (mainly in the wake of infrastructure capex).

In a similar context Tesla gave no guidance for 2024. Musk has generically indicated that he expects higher revenues than in 2023. In other words: there should be a nice acceleration in sales to more than offset the slowdown in the first three months of 2024. An easy target to hit? Not really. Of course! According to the Iea, the electric car segment - which grew by around 25 per cent in the first quarter of 2024 - should see robust expansion for the whole year. And, however, a large part of the increase (over 10 million new electric vehicles)will take place in China. That is to say: a country where competition is very strong, especially from local manufacturers. Those same Chinese car makers who, thanks to subsidies and cost cutting, bring them the challenge in the West with competitively priced vehicles. Consequently, Tesla's goals on the 'low-cost' car do not seem - in fact - so easy to achieve.

Finally: Tesla on the stock exchange. According to Bloomberg, the prospective P/e on 2024 is 67. BYD's is around 17. As in: Tesla is not at a discount. True! The two companies - apart from the fact that a single indicator says little - have different histories and the comparison is not meaningful. And, however, even according to Seeking Alpha the shares do not appear to be cheap. On the one hand, the adjusted P/e for non-GAAP earnings growth (PEG) is 7.6 against the industry median of 1.5. On the other, the Ev to Ebitda ratio is 31.2 (9.6 the industry median). Of course! It can further be argued that, given the technological leadership (e.g. on AI), Tesla has hi-tech company multiples. This consideration, however, implies that vehicle production is instrumental in the emergence of a Artificial intelligence company. It is Musk's visionary strategy. An approach that requires an act of faith. It has worked well in the past. It is not certain, as the stock market decline in recent months shows, that the 'belief' will remain solid forever.

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