The Report

Upb warns: new Irpef erodes employee benefits

"The line of prudence and responsibility on public finance has paid off and the account trends are appreciable even in the light of the deterioration of the international macroeconomic scenario"

LILIA CAVALLARI, PRESIDENTE UFFICIO PARLAMENTARE DI BILANCIO

5' min read

5' min read

'The prospect of moderate growth for Italy, despite the downside risks to forecasts due to international trade and geopolitical tensions, is not ineluctable'. Thus the president of the Parliamentary Budget Office (PAB), Lilia Cavallari, when presenting the Fiscal Policy Report in the Senate. The development of economic activity can be helped - is the thesis - by a more decisive implementation of reforms and investments, even beyond the horizon of the NRP. And a further boost could come from the labour market, if participation rates continue to rise and the ability to attract skilled workers is strengthened.

"The line of prudence and responsibility on the public finance has given its results and the account trends are appreciable even in the light of the deterioration of the international macroeconomic scenario, but it must be maintained with commitment and constancy to keep the confidence of the markets, families and businesses high. We need vision and transparency,' she added, 'to ensure stable public finances and accompany the transformations of the economy and society, unlocking their growth potential.

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Giorgetti: complicated context but 2025 GDP target achievable

An already fragile international framework deteriorated rapidly with the escalation of the trade war initiated by the United States of America. Estimates of the economic impact of the new trade barriers point to adverse effects that differ considerably between countries and sectors, but their quantification is subject to margins of uncertainty, linked to the reactions of the actors involved. Much will depend on the duration of the tariffs, the retaliation of other countries and the reactions of markets, companies, households and, not least, central banks. "Unfortunately, the current context also appears very complicated" in the eyes of Economy Minister Giancarlo Giorgetti, referring to the tariffs and the still ongoing conflicts that have led to the downsizing of growth estimates for the coming years on which weighs "the high cost of uncertainty". Despite this, Giorgetti described the 2025 target as 'fully attainable and hopefully surmountable'.

According to Upb estimates, the sectors of the Italian economy most affected by US tariffs would be the pharmaceutical industry, mining and motor vehicle manufacturing, with more significant job losses in the metal products, machinery and textile manufacturing sectors. The mining activity would mark a strong loss of added value, as it is strongly interconnected with the various manufacturing activities; relevant effects, although indirect, would concern some service sectors such as professional activities (architectural, engineering, legal, accounting and management firms), advertising and research and personnel services.

"I hope political forces will agree on accounting law to safeguard accounts"

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"I hope here in the Senate that the political forces of majority and opposition can reach an agreement to approve together a new accounting law that, in incorporating the innovations introduced by the new European governance, reinforces the safeguards for the sound management of public finance and introduces effective mechanisms for the revision of spending, as Italy has committed to do in the SGP". This is how the Minister of the Economy concluded his speech at the presentation of the Budget Policy Report.

Upb, the macroeconomic picture

For the Italian economy, 2024 ended with growth of 0.7 per cent, for the first time since 2021 below the euro area (0.9 per cent). Alongside a modest increase in household consumption (0.4 per cent), held back by the increase in the propensity to save, there was a slowdown in investments (0.5 per cent); "capital accumulation seems to have exhausted the robust post-pandemic dynamic, but was driven by the construction and intellectual property products component". Industrial production remained weak last year, 'but some signs of a slight recovery have emerged in recent months; overall 2024 value added was mainly driven by services'. Inflation last year shrank to 1.0 per cent, but picked up towards 2.0 in recent months. Employment increased by 1.6 per cent and the unemployment rate declined to 6.5 per cent; at the same time, contractual wages increased by 3.0 per cent in 2024, more than inflation, although in real terms they still remain significantly below 2021 levels.

Crucial challenges, environment and demography

Two major structural challenges should not be underestimated. "Demographic trends, which see in Italy a contraction of births and internal migration phenomena (with residents in the South declining and those in the North growing) and climate change, to which Italy is strongly exposed; the rise in temperatures, which also has repercussions on the business demography, has heterogeneous impacts among the different areas of the country and can therefore contribute to increasing territorial gaps. In Europe, the Mediterranean countries are the most affected by climate change and are also those with the least capacity to adapt due to reduced fiscal space'.

Significant risk not to realise NPNR expenditure by 2026

"Regarding the implementation of the NRP, the risk of not fully realising expenditure by the 2026 deadline is significant". Thus the UPB in its Budget Policy Report. "Moreover, new budgetary priorities emerge, in particular the need to strengthen the defence sector in a context of general geopolitical uncertainty. Finally,' the text reads, 'the projected decline in debt-to-GDP ratios in 2027 depends on particularly favourable assumptions on the stock-flow adjustment component, in particular with regard to the privatisation programme and the reduction of liquidity stocks'.

To keep accounts decisive action on evasion

"Looking forward, the full implementation of the tax reform will have to strike a balance between the need for structural coverage and the achievement of the objectives envisaged by the enabling act while respecting the principles of fairness of the levy. The maintenance of public accounts and the social sustainability of the levy require decisive action to reduce tax evasion'. In Lilia Cavallari's opinion, 'significant results have been achieved in recent years, especially in the area of VAT through instruments aimed at limiting ex ante the scope for evasion. However, the estimated level of evasion remains among the highest in Europe. At the same time, the collection capacity must be strengthened'.

With new Irpef increases fiscal drag, erodes benefits

 

The stabilisation of the wedge cut and the merging of the Irpef rates in the manoeuvre 'while, on the one hand, giving more stability to the system, on the other hand, increase the sensitivity of personal income tax to inflation especially for employed workers'. This is noted by the Parliamentary Budget Office in its Budget Policy Report, which shows that the new Irpef structure, being more progressive, produces a greater tax drain. "In a context in which the wage dynamic has already been insufficient to compensate for inflation, the intensification of the tax levy resulting from the interaction between the latter and the progressivity of the tax risks considerably eroding nominal wage increases, with potential negative effects on consumption and domestic demand".

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