The war in Ukraine

Why Trump's 'dreadful sanctions' on Russia are not just a sideshow

The Russian president speaks of a 'hostile act that does not strengthen relations' with the United States, but which will not have a decisive influence on the Russian economy. The affected companies, Rosneft and Lukoil. do, however, produce almost half of Moscow's oil exports, contributing a quarter to the federal budget. A contribution that the US decisions may affect even before they come into force

by Antonella Scott

La sede del colosso petrolifero russo Lukoil a Mosca

3' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

3' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

La furia di Dmitrij Medvedev, che parla di «atto di guerra contro la Russia», e il calcolato distacco di Vladimir Putin, che al termine di una giornata trascorsa a parlare di demografia e di politiche per le famiglie ha commentato le nuove sanzioni americane contro l’industria petrolifera russa: un «atto ostile che non rafforza le relazioni tra Russia e Stati Uniti», ma che non influirà in modo determinante sull’economia russa: che subirà delle perdite, ma che nel suo comparto energetico ha basi solide. «Il contributo della Russia agli equilibri energetici globali è cruciale – ha detto Putin -. Ci vorrà tempo per sostituire il petrolio russo». Prima di lui, la portavoce del ministero degli Esteri Maria Zakharova aveva affermato che l’impatto delle restrizioni non sarà quello sperato in Europa e a Washington, dal momento che la Russia ormai ha sviluppato anticorpi che la rendono «immune».

And this is the heart of the problem: quantifying the extent of the news announced by Donald Trump and his Treasury secretary, Scott Bessent, in order to imagine whether the combined effect of these and the latest sanctions decided in Europe could affect Putin's war machine in such a way as to push him to negotiations. "I had the feeling that we would not get to where we need to get to, so I cancelled it," Trump explained on Wednesday evening referring to the planned summit with Putin in Budapest. The right time has therefore come, the American president said again, "to hit Russia with tremendous sanctions". The first of Trump's second term, after so many threats that have remained so.

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And indeed, on paper, the US Treasury's Executive Order No. 14024 against the two major Russian oil companies and 34 of their subsidiaries is not as harsh as it sounds. After decreeing the freezing of any assets or activities dating back to Rosneft and Lukoil on US territory, and any transactions related to those assets in the US or at the hands of US citizens (unless exempted), the document warns that as of 21 November, foreign financial institutions conducting or facilitating significant transactions with the designated companies or providing any services involving Russia's military-industrial system run the risk of being sanctioned by the Treasury.

For the big buyers of Russian oil - starting with India, China, Turkey - the possibility of secondary sanctions that would exclude them from the US financial markets is, therefore, only a threat, which will, moreover, be triggered in a month's time.

Tenendo conto dell’imprevedibilità delle decisioni di Trump, che hanno un mese a disposizione per mutare più volte, Phillips O’Brien, professore di Studi Strategici alla University of St Andrews, fa notare che da qui al 21 novembre Lukoil, Rosneft e i loro partner avranno il tempo di correre ai ripari: accelerando gli acquisti, dirottando gli scambi su società fittizie, impostando transazioni che escludano l’uso del dollaro. Allo stesso tempo, i legami diretti tra le compagnie sanzionate e gli Stati Uniti si sono ridotti ormai a poca cosa: Rosneft – la prima compagnia statale russa, consolidatasi sulle ceneri della Yukos di Mikhail Khodorkovskij, è nella lista nera del Tesoro già dal 2020 mentre Lukoil – prima compagnia russa privata – controllerebbe tuttora attraverso la propria sussidiaria per il Nord America circa 200 stazioni di rifornimento concentrate tra New York, New Jersey e Pennsylvania.

Together, however, Rosneft and Lukoil produce almost half of the volumes of oil exported by Russia, contributing a quarter to the federal budget. A contribution on which American decisions may have an impact even before 21 November, as shown by the decisions of Chinese state oil companies and Indian refineries, already intent on reducing their purchases from Moscow. Something that has been happening since 2014, with the advent of the first restrictions: the fear of being excluded from Western markets keeps companies and banks at a distance even in sectors not directly included on the 'black list'.

'Russian oil exports are unlikely to come to a halt,' summarises The Bell, an independent Russian economic news site. 'There are sufficient alternative channels, and in essence everything will depend on the determination of India and China to face secondary sanctions. But Trump's decision is not a show: the new sanctions will put considerable pressure on the Russian economy, and could really push the Kremlin into negotiations.

Although for the time being Putin's tone remains the same: in the event of attacks from Ukraine on Russia with Tomahawk missiles, he warned, 'the response will be devastating. Let them think about it'.

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