Foreign Trade

Agrifood made in Italy towards a record 70 billion in exports by 2025

Nomisma analysis: Italy is the world's ninth largest exporter by value, but we need to diversify outlets so as not to depend on the top five markets that account for more than half of total exports

by Emiliano Sgambato

(Adobee Stock)

4' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

4' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

In the first part of 2025, Italian agri-food exports continued their growth (+5.7% in September) and could reach over 70 billion euro by the end of the year for the first time. A surge mainly driven by the markets of the European Union (+9%), with excellent performances in Poland (+17.3%), Romania (+11.1%), the Czech Republic (+9.1%) and Spain (+14.5%). Less brilliant was non-EU growth (+4%), slowed down by declines in the United States (-1.1%), Russia (-8%) and Japan (-13%). Italy is now the world's ninth largest exporter by value (EUR 67.2 billion in 2024) and the second largest country in the world in terms of growth over the last five years, with an increase of 55%.

This is the picture traced by Nomisma for the 9th edition of the Forum Agrifood Monitor, an event organised in collaboration with Crif and with the support of Crédit Agricole Italia. However, there is no shortage of criticalities, due above all to the persistence of a strong geographic concentration: "the first five destination markets (Germany, USA, France, UK and Spain) still represent 50% of total exports. A dependence that makes greater diversification urgent," the researchers note, "especially in a phase characterised by multiple factors of uncertainty and complexity, in which global trade balances are proving increasingly fragile.

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The importance of diversification

The biggest unknown for the future comes from theeffects of US tariffs, considering thatTricolour exports overseas increased by 66% between 2019 and 2024 and that Italy is now the third largest supplier of food&veverage products to the States. 

The decline in agri-food exports to the USA, more than to tariffs, is mainly linked to the devaluation of the dollar (more than -10% since the beginning of the year) and to the uncertainty generated by the tariffs, "which have caused a swinging trend: a strong growth in the first three months of the year due to the stock effect and a collapse up to -22% in August, with the introduction of the additional tariffs of 15% on some of our products," they note from the Bologna-based research institute.

Despite this, the US remains a strategic market that is difficult to replace for Italian food & beverage. With a per capita GDP close to $90,000 and an annual food expenditure of over $4,500 per person, the US imports $211 billion worth of agri-food products, with a growth of 50% in the last five years.

It therefore becomes important to look at those markets that have performed well, such as Mexico, Poland Romania and South Korea, which have recorded an average annual growth rate of 12% over the last ten years. And with further growth potential that could come from the free trade agreements with Mercosur (a market with 260 million people and over 3 trillion dollars of GDP) and Indonesia (with 287 million inhabitants, where Italian exports have already reached 90 million euros, with a growth rate of +58% from 2019).

"If market diversification is one of the main priorities for the sector today, the ability to read in advance the changes taking place and build solid alliances is more than essential for creating new growth opportunities. It is also for this reason that, as Nomisma," commented president Paolo De Castro, "we seek to support companies in the supply chain in their internationalisation journey through in-depth analyses, dedicated solutions and consulting services. The collaboration agreement signed with Simest also goes in this direction'.

Wine weak but above expectations

The Italian system also seems to be holding up for wine and spirits, even if in this case the minus sign prevails in the first nine months of the year despite the fact that the effect of US tariffs has not yet taken hold (and indeed with the stock effect that may have caused a distorting effect - in a positive sense - on the data): the overall drop in wine exports stands at -2%, compared to -2.4% in France and -6.7% in Chile, according to the Federvini Observatory, edited by Nomisma and TradeLab, which notes that "in the United States, after the peak in orders in the first quarter, a physiological contraction is recorded (-4.8% in value for wines and -5% for spirits)".

"We are facing a physical and behavioural redefinition of consumption," comments Federvini President Giacomo Ponti. The downturn in the United States was expected and should be read as part of a broader commercial dynamic. But the real news is the shift from consumption of habit to consumption of choice, where the determining variable becomes the quality of the experience".

On the domestic front, meanwhile, wines confirmed their stability in value (+0.9%). The spirits sector was more dynamic, closing the first nine months with a plus sign both in value (+0.3%) and volume (+0.7%). Vinegars also confirmed themselves as a must-have product, with constant growth of 3% in value, driven by Balsamic Vinegar of Modena PGI (+2.4%) and apple vinegar (+5.5%).

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