Danger of anabolics: they can develop liver tumours in the under-40s

Chronic use of anabolic steroids, at very high doses and in repeated cycles over years, can promote the development of liver cancer even in the absence of traditional risk factors such as hepatitis, cirrhosis or alcohol abuse, especially in people under 40. It is the specialists at the Pascale tumour institute in Naples who are sounding the alarm, stressing that the prolonged consumption of doping substances, now widespread even in amateur sporting circles, 'can cause serious damage to the liver, favouring the appearance of hepatic adenomas and their possible transformation into malignant forms'.

'These drugs,' explains Francesco Izzo, director of the Complex Structure of Hepatobiliary Surgery at Pascale, 'profoundly alter cell regeneration mechanisms and can trigger tumour processes even in young and apparently healthy subjects. Although the development of cancer is rare, the toxic effects on the liver are well documented. The risk of a malignant tumour developing in the long term - much more frequent are benign tumours caused by taking these substances - is real, especially with prolonged and uncontrolled use. The drugs used and methods of doping are constantly changing, with the aim of deceiving controls and offering athletes greater advantages. This makes taking them even more dangerous, as there is no time to study their consequences on the body, either in the short or long term'.

From an epidemiological point of view, Izzo continues, the intake of testosterone, growth hormone and similar substances as anabolic agents in disciplines where physical strength is required 'has a strong correlation with prostate cancer, testicular cancer and primary liver cancer'. The phenomenon concerns non-professional sports circles, where the use of anabolic drugs is often underestimated and perceived as a quick means to improve physical performance and aesthetics. However, clinicians report that many patients arrive at the diagnosis at an advanced stage, having ignored initial symptoms such as persistent fatigue, abdominal pain or changes in liver tests.

'Even if we cannot say that we are facing a new health emergency,' warns Izzo, 'we certainly need decisive intervention on the level of prevention and information, especially among the youngest. Informing young people correctly is fundamental for promoting healthy and safe sport'. Experts suggest targeted awareness-raising campaigns in gyms, schools, and sports environments to counter the spread of doping and promote a health culture based on proper training and safety. An invitation that brings back to the centre the theme of the real risks linked to the improper use of illegal drugs and substances: not only cardiovascular and hormonal problems, but also potentially lethal cancers, capable of irreversibly compromising the quality and expectancy of life.

"Pascale," says the general director of the largest oncology centre in Southern Italy, Maurizio di Mauro, "has always been at the forefront of prevention campaigns and the promotion of correct lifestyles, because health is protected first and foremost through information and awareness. Alongside excellence in treatment, our commitment is also aimed at educating young people in responsible choices that can reduce the risk of disease and improve their quality of life in the long term. Prevention remains one of the most effective tools at our disposal'.