Council of Ministers

Secondments and permits for military trade unions arrive

The draft decree law: one secondment for every four thousand staff units and one hour of paid leave per year for every two staff units for representative APCSMs

by Andrea Carli

Via libera del Consiglio dei ministri a un decreto legge che regola le associazioni professionali a carattere sindacale tra i militari.

5' min read

5' min read

Here comes the government decree on trade union postings and permits in the military sphere. The measure, a decree law ('Urgent provisions on trade union associations among the military') was approved by the Council of Ministers on Monday 6 May.

An inter-ministerial decree (by the Minister of Public Administration, in agreement with the Minister of Defence and the Minister of the Economy and Finance), published on 6 April in the Official Gazette, identified the representative associations, which will be able to benefit from detachments and permits. The decree originates from Law 46 of 2022, which, following a ruling by the Constitutional Court, sanctioned the lawfulness of trade union associations for the first time. Before this rule came into force, in fact, the Code of Military Order (COM) did not allow this possibility.

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The Defence 'bridging' circular

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In order to guarantee the agility of the leaders of trade union associations, a recent 'bridging' circular of the Ministry of Defence - published on 30 December 2023, which in turn integrates one of 8 July 2022 - has clarified that, pending the measures transposing the trade union agreements, "on an exclusively temporary basis, among the 'serious reasons' referred to in the extraordinary leave, up to a maximum of 45 days per year, it is possible, exclusively to those who are designated as representatives of the professional associations of a trade union nature among the military (the acronym is: 'APCSM') registered in the ministerial roll (there are twenty acronyms that have exceeded the threshold of representativeness required by law, ed.), to include the daily trade union leave in the maximum number of nine days per month. The institute,' we read in that document, 'with regard to a maximum of seven representatives, specifically designated by the general/national secretary of each APCSM registered in the ministerial roll, can be used in addition to the ten hours of leave for participation in the planned assemblies'. The Ministry of Defence clarified that the solutions envisaged in that circular would lapse 'upon the issuance of the aforementioned transposition measures, within the scope of which the maximum quota of permits and secondments provided for by law will be defined'.

Decree Law

arrives

The 'bridging' circular has a maximum duration of six months, i.e. it will expire in June 2024. Now, just days before that date, comes the government's decree-law. "In view of the first application of the provisions that abrogated the institution of military representations," reads a note published by the government after the Council of Ministers, "the rules are aimed at guaranteeing the participation of the APCSMs in the negotiation procedures pending the first bargaining within which the quota of secondments and permits will be determined.

Addressees: professional associations among military personnel with a trade union character

The aim of the measure is, the draft reads, 'to allow the full performance of trade union activities and participation in the bargaining procedures of the defence-security sector'. In this context, 'are attributed to the associations referred to in Article 1475 et seq. of Legislative Decree No. 66 of 15 March 2010, containing the Code of Military Order, for the year 2024, the detachments and paid leave, referred to in Article 1480, paragraph 3, of the aforementioned code, at the rate of one detachment for every four thousand personnel units and one hour of annual paid leave for every two personnel units'. Therefore, professional associations among military personnel of a trade union nature per individual Armed Force or Police Force (APCSM) are concerned. Only military personnel on actual permanent service may join.

The distribution of secondments and leave among the APCSMs is based on a proportional criterion, in line with representativeness.

More than 6 million to cover union activity among the military

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To cover this union activity, the executive allocates more than six million euros (6,709,920), of which more than three million (3,388,666) for the Armed Forces, more than two million (2,165,788) for the Carabinieri and more than one million (1,155,466) for the Guardia di Finanza.

The reduction of membership quotas for the recognition of representativeness at national level

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With regard to the percentage quotas of members envisaged for the recognition of representativeness at the national level, the decree law stipulates that they are to be reduced by two percentage points for the three-year negotiation period 2022-2024, and by one percentage point for that of 2025-2027.

In addition, the terms of the three-year bargaining period are aligned with those already provided for the State Police and the Prison Police.

Funded the multi-Sovereign venture capital fund 'NATO Innovation Fund'

Finally, a note from the Ministry of Defence explains that the decree approved by the executive finances Italy's contribution, for 2024, to the multi-state venture capital fund 'NATO Innovation Fund' to support early-stage start-ups and other venture capital funds that develop emerging dual-use technologies prioritised by NATO and the Alliance's strategic autonomy.

The 2018 Constitutional Court ruling

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The Constitutional Court's ruling No. 120 of 2018 was therefore decisive in the area of military representativeness. With this ruling, in fact, the prohibition in the Code of Military Order to create trade union associations fell after almost 40 years. The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) recognises the freedom of assembly and association. Innovating its own previous jurisprudential orientation on this issue, the Constitutional Court on that occasion declared the constitutional illegitimacy of Article 1475, paragraph 2, of Legislative Decree No. 66 of 15 March 2010 (Code of Military Order), insofar as it provides that '"Military personnel may not set up professional associations of a trade union nature or join other trade union associations" instead of providing that "Military personnel may set up professional associations of a trade union nature under the conditions and within the limits set by law; they may not join other trade union associations"'. In the aforementioned judgment, the Court, in recognising the legitimacy of professional associations of a trade union nature, emphasised the need for a precise regulation of the matter in view of the specific nature of the military order and the existence of peculiar requirements of 'internal cohesion and neutrality', which distinguish the Armed Forces from other State structures. In this area, the Court had stressed, no regulatory vacuum is conceivable, 'a vacuum that would be an impediment to the very recognition of the right of trade union association'.

Law 46 of 2022

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Then it was the turn of Law 46/2022 ('Regulations on the exercise of trade union freedom by the personnel of the Armed Forces and Police Forces with military regulations, as well as delegation to the Government for regulatory coordination'), which outlined the legal framework within which it is possible to set up, for the first time in the Italian legal system, professional associations of a trade union nature among military personnel. Membership of these associations is free, voluntary and individual. The associations look after the collective protection of the rights and interests of their representatives in the matters for which they are responsible, ensuring that they perform the tasks proper to the Forces to which they belong and that membership of the associations does not interfere with the regular performance of institutional services.

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