The alarm

Family doctors: Lodi, Pistoia and Rovigo the cities with the fewest doctors

They are lacking in Lombardy and Veneto and in the most populated central-northern provinces: records in PistoiaRovigo and Lodi. The decree introducing dependency to cover 'holes' risks remaining in the drawers

by Marzio Bartoloni and Michela Finizio

Mid section of female doctor writing prescription to patient at worktable. cameravit - stock.adobe.com

3' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

3' min read

Translated by AI
Versione italiana

For those who live in a central-northern province, especially the more populous ones, including large cities such as Milan, having a family doctor is increasingly fortunate.

Every year, there are fewer and fewer of them - some 40,000 remain active - because between retirements, vacancies in inconvenient locations and calls for tenders that go half-deserted, the family doctor is becoming an endangered species.

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And so the doctors who still open their surgeries are forced to work overtime, i.e. to have well over a thousand patients - which would be the optimal threshold - exceeding even the maximum of 1,500 patients, a symbolic threshold above which guaranteeing prescriptions and treatment is a challenge.

The problem is well known: the profession is becoming less and less attractive for those who dream of wearing the white coat and now risks ending up in a dead end if the latest attempt by Health Minister Schillaci and the regions to initiate a gradual reform also fails.

The idea being studied is to introduce a dual channel: alongside the main channel of the current convention (doctors remain freelancers who sign an 'agreement' with the SSN), the possibility of introducing a residual channel is being considered, whereby doctors would be hired as employees, to work in the territories where there are fewer of them and within the more than one thousand new Community Hospitals that are to open by the end of June.

The latter option is rejected by the category and also frowned upon by large fringes of the majority, with the now real risk of the reform being wrecked even before the measure - a decree law - has seen the light of day.

In the meantime, in various parts of Italia the shortage is now evident: in Pistoia, for example, there is one family doctor for every 1,520 adults, and in Rovigo and Lodi one for every 1,507

The ratio of general practitioners to white coats emerges from the analysis of the OneKey database by Iqvia, which has surveyed an average of 40,374 general practitioners active in Italy and affiliated with the National Health System over the last 12 months: the most problematic Italian situations are mainly found in the northern provinces and in some inland areas.

Iqvia's survey is provided annually to Il Sole 24 Ore for its Quality of Life survey on the most liveable provinces, and compared to the 2025 figure (43,018 active professionals) there was a 6.15% drop in the number of GPs in the One Key database, a computerised list that is constantly updated through provincial and regional archives and verified through direct contact by health professionals.

The average ratio to the resident population stands at 1,247 family doctors per thousand inhabitants, with very marked territorial differences.

This ranges from an average of over 1,500 patients per GP in Pistoia, Rovigo and Lodi, to 996 patients per doctor in Messina.

Or to the 1,034 of Agrigento and the 1,038 of Catania.

LA GEOGRAFIA DEI MEDICI DI FAMIGLIA

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In Lombardy or Veneto - and more generally in more densely populated areas - the most critical situations are encountered.

In Monza and Brianza there is one doctor for every 1,475 inhabitants, in Como one for every 1,474, in Bergamo one for every 1,435, in Varese one for every 1,381, in Verona and Belluno one for every 1,365.

In the metropolitan city of Milan, the average ratio is 1,430 inhabitants per family doctor and the number of active professionals is down 3.9% compared to 2015.

In Florence the ratio is 1,306 patients per doctor, in Naples 1,242.

In the Capital, on the other hand, the situation improves: 1,190 patients per doctor, but the drop in professionals is 5.9% year-on-year.

On the other hand, the coverage ratio of family doctors is more sustainable in the South: internal migration (here the population between 18 and 35 years of age has fallen by an average of 10% since 2019) to northern regions and abroad weighs on the southern provinces. As a result, the ratio of family doctors to resident population improves, despite the marked decline in the number of professionals active in the area.

In Sardinia over the past year, the decline has been particularly marked, between -14% in South Sardinia and -16% in Oristano.

The same pronounced trend can also be seen in Rovigo (-5.7%), Massa Carrara (-10.5%) and Grosseto (-11%), where the difficulty of recruiting new doctors in the country's less serviced inland areas weighs heavily.

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