From Beslan to Crocus City Hall: all the massacres in Russia

6 FEB 2004 - A bomb, possibly carried by suicide bombers, explodes on a metro convoy between the Paveletskaia and Avtozavodskaia stations, near the centre of Moscow: 41 dead and 134 injured. The attack, which was never claimed, is attributed to Chechen fundamentalists.

August 24, 2004 - Two female suicide bombers blow themselves up on board two Tupolevs that took off not far from each other from Moscow: one crashed in the Tula region causing 43 deaths, the other not far from Rostov-on-Don (46 dead). The attack was claimed by the then Chechen guerrilla leader Shamil Basaev.

31 AUG 2004 - A female suicide bomber blew herself up outside the Riskaia station, killing 10 passers-by. Unclaimed, this attack is also attributed to Chechen guerrillas.

1/3 SEPTEMBER 2004 - Beslan (North Ossetia, Russia). An Ingush-Chechen commando takes nearly 1,200 children, parents and teachers hostage in a kindergarten on the first day of school. The assault by Russian forces led to the release of the hostages, but had a heavy toll: 335 dead, including 186 children and 31 hostage-takers, plus 400 wounded.

29 MAR 2009 - Two explosions, carried out by kamikazes, occurred in the Lubianka station, where the historical headquarters of the security services, the Fsb (the former KGB), is located, and in Park Kulturi, near the legendary Gorki Park: the toll is 38 dead and about thirty injured. The attack is claimed by the Chechen Doku Umarov, leader of the North Caucasus guerrillas.

24 JAN 2011 - A suicide bomber blew himself up at Domodedovo, one of Moscow's three airports, leaving 37 dead and 117 injured. The claim is also signed by Umarov.

2 APRIL 2017 - Attack on the St Petersburg metro. An explosion of a device inside a carriage causes 14 deaths and 47 injuries. According to suspects, the bomber is Akbarzhon Jalilov, an ethnic Uzbek Russian citizen born in Kyrgyzstan.