Hikikomori clinical and social challenge: here are the answers that Italy must also give
Approximately 2.3 per cent of high school students display characteristics consistent with prolonged social isolation and these are joined by 7 per cent with signs of partial withdrawal: gradual and targeted approaches to a malaise now also present in the West are needed
by Massimiliano Dieci *, Luca Bernardelli **.
2' min read
2' min read
Initially described as a phenomenon of Japanese society, Hikikomori, a term derived from the Japanese verbs 'hiki' (to withdraw) and 'komori' (to stay inside), is becoming an expression of unease throughout the West. This phenomenon manifests itself especially in young people, as a prolonged and severe social withdrawal, often related to the problematic use of digital technologies, especially after Covid.
L’identikit
Hikikomori is defined by three main criteria: marked and continuous social isolation within one's home, a duration of at least six months, and significant functional impairment. Although the debate is still open, Hikikomori coexists in at least 50% of cases with other mental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, mood disorders, social anxiety, psychotic disorders and personality disorders.
Risk factors
.There are several risk factors: pressure for social fulfilment, but also stressful or traumatic events. Withdrawal can exacerbate psychological problems such as depression, anxiety and a drop in self-esteem, and if prolonged, may be associated with an increased risk of physical diseases, including heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes, as well as cognitive deficits.
Digital technologies allow Hikikomori to maintain a 'disembodied connection' with the outside world, reducing the perceived risk of direct human contact, but at the same time reinforcing isolation. The use of technology can become a dysfunctional refuge, a low-frustration 'parallel world'. However, digital technologies are not the cause, but a risk and maintenance factor and if well integrated, can also become a therapeutic tool.
