The Mission

Meloni in Lebanon: here is what the Italian contingent of 1,300 soldiers is doing

Italy participates in Unifil, whose tasks include maintaining a buffer zone with Israel, and in Mibil, which trains Lebanese security forces

by Andrea Carli

Libano, palazzi sventrati a Baalbek dopo raid Israele

4' min read

4' min read

Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni arrived at the Rafic Hariri International Airport in Beirut. She was welcomed by the Prime Minister of the Lebanese Republic, Najib 'Azmi Miqãti, and the Italian Ambassador to Lebanon, Nicoletta Bombardiere. The focus of his dinner with the prime minister at the presidential palace was, of course, the crisis in the Middle East, with Italy's firm desire to continue to contribute to the security and stability of the country of the cedars at an extremely delicate juncture, with the tangible risk of a widening of the conflict that would have incalculable consequences for the entire area. In the bilateral with the prime minister, Meloni will bring Italy's concrete closeness to Lebanon, a state with which Rome has historically maintained solid relations.

The premier reiterated "Italy's willingness to continue to contribute to the security and stability of Lebanon, particularly at this historic moment". With "a clear message," Palazzo Chigi explained, "on the need to avoid any risk of escalation along the border with Israel", between Hezbollah groups and the Israeli army.

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Meloni comes to a country for five years engulfed in the worst economic crisis in its history and for six months trapped in an increasingly devastating war of attrition between Hezbollah and Israel. The Miqati government is composed of Hezbollah ministers. And parliament is dominated by a majority coalition where the Party of God and its allies still have a majority.

On Thursday, 28 March, the Prime Minister will instead be in the Base of Shama to visit the Italian military contingents operating in the Lebanese theatre of operations in the UN (Unifil) and in the bilateral sphere (Mibil). In all, over 1,300 Italian military personnel are involved in the Middle East country.

"I would like to point out the example of Lebanon, where our contingent for 2024 is substantially similar to previous years," recalled the Chief of Defence Staff Giuseppe Cavo Dragone , speaking in the last few hours in a hearing before the Joint Foreign and Defence Committees - . Here too, we are working to support a more effective implementation of the Security Council's Resolution 1701, as witnessed by the initiative that, under the aegis of the Minister of Defence, I personally carried out by inviting my counterparts from the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Spain to Rome on 1 March, together with the Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces, who will necessarily have to assume a more profiled role in order to foster the stabilisation of the Israeli-Lebanese border'.

In the buffer zone between Lebanon and Israel

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Here, in detail, are the characteristics of the two missions. The first one, Unifil : reconfigured by resolution 1701 of 2006, has several tasks. The military involved must facilitate the effective and lasting deployment of the Lebanese Armed Forces in the south of Lebanon up to the border with the State of Israel, assisting them in the stabilisation of the border areas, to ensure the respect of the 'Blue Line' (the Blue Line covers the Israeli-Lebanese border and an extension of it the Lebanese-Golan Heights border) and the maintenance of a buffer zone between the two countries. They must contribute to the creation of peace and security conditions; protect UN personnel, facilities, installations and equipment. And again: protect civilians under imminent threat (without prejudice to the responsibility of the government of Lebanon). Finally, the mission is to assist the Lebanese government in controlling the border lines to prevent illegal arms trafficking. Since the start of the second phase of the mission (August 2006), the commander has been an Italian general four times. In particular, Claudio Graziano held the position for almost three years, from 2 February 2007 to 28 January 2010. From 28 January 2012 Paolo Serra headed the mission, until 24 July 2014 when General Portolano took over the post (until 20 July 2016). From 7 August 2018 to 28 February 2022, Italy once again held the post with General Stefano Del Col. The command is currently held by a Spanish general. The maximum size of the deployed national contingent is fixed at 1292 persons (it was 1,169 in 2023). It is planned to deploy 375 land vehicles (it was 388 in 2023), seven air vehicles and one naval vehicle (same as last year). The financial requirements, for 2024, are estimated at over EUR 160 million (it was over 149 million in 2023).

Lebanese Security Forces Training Mission

The second mission is Mibil. This is a bilateral training mission for the Lebanese security forces. In 2024, the maximum size of the national contingent deployed in the mission is set at 105 persons (it was 190 in 2023), and includes (as last year) the deployment of a team for the cyber protection of unclassified networks. For 2024, there are no plans to deploy air and naval assets (which were instead present, in one unit each, in 2023). The financial requirement for 2024 is estimated at approximately EUR 8 million, of which two are due in 2025 (it was over EUR 11.8 million in 2023).

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