Fighting the black economy

Migrants, boom of fake contracts in irregular labour controls

Carabinieri inspections grow: +172% of non-compliant employees discovered in 2024. Fines rise to 29.7 million (+68%)

3' min read

3' min read

An invisible Italy holds up whole chunks of the economy. Endless hours, minimal wages, often without a contract. It is the country of undant labour and false hiring, where safety is a formal compliance and exploitation an unwritten rule. On the front line are also the foreign workers: many have arrived by paying a visa that promises a job, but that often does not even translate into stability but only into jobs, most often without rights.

Let's go in order. Over the past year, the Carabinieri for Labour Protection have raised the bar: more inspections, more companies reached, more irregularities unmasked.

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Inspections

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In 2024, the perimeter of the inspections expanded (17,211 companies inspected, +1.9% over 2023) and, above all, the number of people affected by the inspections increased.

The number of workers checked rose to 64,356, +42.1% compared to 45,294 the previous year. Within this perimeter, the clearest dynamic was recorded: the number ofirregular workers rose from 5,924 to 16,116 (+172.1%), while undeclared workers increased to a much lesser extent, from 6,565 to 6,801 (+3.6%). This is a clear signal: it is not just pure undeclared work, but also formally regular relationships that, in fact, violate schedules, tasks and wages.

The tightening also has effects on the sanctioning action. The suspensions of entrepreneurial activities reach 4,198 (+66.3%) and with them the total amount of sanctions related to these measures increases: from 6.73 to 13.75 million euro (+104.2%). At the same time, administrative penalties increased from 17.64 to 29.73 million (+68.5%).

The boost in inspections can also be seen on the safety side: workplace inspections rose from 7,699 to 10,828 (+40.6%) and related fines from 16.99 to 26.68 million (+57.0%).

Non-EU workers

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Also in the last year, checks on extra-EU workers rose from 14,282 to 18,642. Those in the 'black' sector also increased: from 2,630 to 3,040, but they weigh less on the total.

The change that changes the picture is another: irregular immigrants jumped from 2,056 to 6,333. The number of clandestine immigrants also increased (from 534 to 834) and expulsions (from 7 to 19), small numbers but accelerating.

The reading is straightforward: less undeclared work, more formally existing relationships that derail in substance (wrong classifications, non-standard hours and tasks, compressed wages). In other words, you enter with your paper in order and you quickly slip into operational irregularity, especially where the supply chain is long and subcontracting dilutes responsibilities and controls. And this is an aspect that can be found in several pivotal sectors of the Italian economy, such as fashion, logistics and security, up to agriculture.

Clearances and visas

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The picture that emerged from the checks on non-EU workers does not stop at the warehouses: it goes back to the card with which one enters. Here the front of alleged trading of visas for work (and tourism) opens up. The Rome Public Prosecutor's Office has unveiled an illicit mechanism allegedly involving officials of the Italian Embassy in Bangladesh in agreement with businessmen to sell visas to compatriots.

On the same ridge, Il Sole 24 Ore examined a complaint referring to Turin: a Pakistani agent, indicated by name and company name, who between 2022-2024 allegedly 'facilitated' more than twenty nullaosta by presenting false documents to the Prefecture, Police Headquarters and Job Centres. The heart of the accusation is economic and the complainant puts it in black and white: '15,000 euro per person, plus 2,000 euro application fee'.

The complaint speaks of falsified documents, in particular, on the need for personnel and a parallel supply chain with Chinese suppliers who 'store counterfeit and illegally imported goods' in flats used as warehouses, with payments in black. Moreover, according to the dossier, there is also the falsification of applications for political asylum, especially in the Naples area. In particular, there is talk of employing people who submitted bogus asylum applications, thus allowing them to enter Italian territory on the basis of bogus papers.

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