Raw materials

Tight oil: how the market rediscovers geopolitical alarm

With the escalation in the Middle East, funds - now in unprecedented bearish positions - are buying again and pushing Brent crude up to USD 75 per barrel. But headwinds are still dampening the rally: eyes remain on Opec+.

by Sissi Bellomo

(Reuters)

3' min read

3' min read

The geopolitical alarm - long relegated to the background - returned to shake the oil markets. Barrel prices continued to run on Wednesday 2, following the previous session's jump, with rises of more than 3% pushing Brent above the psychological threshold of $75 during trading.

By contrast, the further escalation in the Middle East had a more limited impact on other assets and even on gold, which although remaining close to all-time highs quickly exhausted the price flare-up following the Iranian missile launch in Israel to fall back to around USD 2,650 an ounce.

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The markets in general remain very nervous, as is normal in times of great uncertainty. And oil has nevertheless shown that it has not completely diverted attention from developments on other fronts.

Thus the rises were scaled back during the course of the day, after the US inventory data (which had a bearish flavour, with heavy crude oil stockpiling and petrol demand at six-month lows) and following the meeting of a select committee of Opec+ ministers, in which the Saudis and Russians also sit: the meeting of the Joint Ministerial Monitoring Committee (JMMC) gave no indication of a possible change of plan on the withdrawal of production cuts, which should then begin in December.

As a Opec note reported, the Jmmc nevertheless 'emphasised the critical importance of achieving full compliance (with allocated quotas, ed.) and compensation', i.e. the recovery of arrears from hitherto less diligent countries.

Iraq, Kazakhstan, and Russia, according to the communiqué, have assured that they fell into line in September, but remain under special surveillance. And reminding the market of the irritation of Riyadh - tired of bearing the brunt of the cuts and perhaps ready to leash a price war - the Wall Street Journal intervened, revealing that the Saudi minister Abdulaziz bin Salman had in recent days lashed out at the Iraqis and Kazakhs, warning them that they risked driving the price of the barrel down to USD 50. The reconstruction was later denied via X by Opec, which called it "inaccurate and misleading".

The return of tensions on the oil market seems in any case justified by concrete factors, not least the hyper bearish exposure taken on by speculative funds, which have even moved predominantly to 'short' (i.e. selling) positions on Brent: an unprecedented situation in history, which is now likely to give rise to many second thoughts, generating a wave of hedging.

Put simply, speculators are now buying to take bets off the table on a further fall in prices, which have become too risky.

There is no general alarm about oil. Israel, according to rumours in Axios and local media, is aiming to retaliate against Iran by inflicting maximum economic damage and is considering striking oil infrastructure. Tel Aviv is also reportedly lobbying for a further tightening of international sanctions against Tehran.

The Islamic Republic is among the world's largest crude oil producers, with 3.3 million barrels per day in September according to Bloomberg, and its exports - despite sanctions already in place - are around 1.7 mbg, Kpler estimates, a five-year record.

A possible target for Israel, suggests RBC Capital Markets, could be the island of Kharg in the Persian Gulf, from where 90% of Iranian crude oil exports leave: if the terminal were to be knocked out there would be serious repercussions on oil prices. However, refineries supplying the domestic market could also be in the crosshairs, with less 'collateral damage'.

Tehran itself on the other hand could in turn retaliate on the same ground. "Iran straddles the world's most strategic geographic region for energy, with oil and gas production facilities as well as transit hubs for supplies," recalls Bob McNally, founder of Rapidan Energy Group and White House advisor during the George W Bush era.

Raising apprehension - as always in similar situations - is the Strait of Hormuz in particular, through which one third of the world's traded oil transits, as well as many ships loaded with LNG.

The price of gas also had a few jolts, returning to over EUR 40 per Megawatt-hour yesterday at Ttf, but then cancelling the rises to close the session on Wednesday 2 at EUR 38.7 (-1.4%). Israel itself is a significant producer of the fuel, with 24.7 Bcm in 2023 and 13.1 Bcm in the first half of 2024 (+7%). Last year, after Hamas attacks, it had halted its offshore facilities in Tamar, opposite Gaza, for a month for safety.

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