Euro 5 and 6

'Stop millions of diesels'. German minister's appeal to von der Leyen

German Transport Minister Wissing fears a case at the Court of Justice but Commissioner Breton rules out new rules or retroactive effects

by Alberto Annicchiarico

Aggiornato il 3 agosto 2024, ore 18:15

Emissioni dei veicoli diesel di nuovo sotto accusa

4' min read

4' min read

Millions of Europeans stranded to stop harmful emissions from their cars? The German Minister of Transport, Volker Wissing , fears that a reinterpretation of compliance with pollution limits in the European Union could lead to a stop for eight million diesel vehicles in Germany alone. Plus probably tens of millions more in the rest of the Union. This was reported on Thursday 1 August by the German news agency Dpa. Proceedings are currently underway at the European Court of Justice, and Wissing has requested clarification from the President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen , as the Commission has taken a clear position in the proceedings that the limit values apply for every driving situation. In his letter to von der Leyen, Wissing refers to a request for interpretation of EU law by theRegional Court of Duisburg.

Wissing was answered by the European Commissioner for the Internal Market, Thierry Breton, by the same Dpa. The Commission is therefore not planning to change the rules on compliance with car emission limits. Above all, Breton ruled out any decisions with retroactive effect. The Commission also does not want to create conditions that will harm citizens 'who have bought in good faith'.

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The case concerns compliance with emission limits for Euro 5 diesel vehicles. According to EU regulations, pollutant values must be met at test centres under so-called Nedc (New European Driving Cycle) test conditions. For the type approval of new vehicles starting with the Euro 6d-Temp standard (valid from September 2017 and followed by the definitive Euro 6d standard, in force from January 2020 and for all new registrations from January 2021, ed.) the so-called Rde (Real-Driving Emissions) procedure is in force, which can be used to map certain real conditions in addition to the test cycle. The Rde procedure is a test that measures the pollutant emissions of vehicles during real driving on the road, rather than just under laboratory conditions.

Il timore di un Dieselgate europeo

Con i nuovi valori limite potrebbero realizzarsi condizioni di retroattività

Il ministro dei Trasporti tedesco, Volker Wissing. (Foto di RALF HIRSCHBERGER / AFP)

This test was introduced in the European Union as part of the vehicle type-approval process to ensure that the emissions measured in the laboratory are consistent with those produced during daily driving. It was introduced in four packages between 2015 and 2018. Each package introduced new elements and requirements, such as conformity factors for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particle number (PN), as well as the inclusion of cold weather emissions.

The Rde test uses portable emission measurement systems (Pems) that collect data during a test trip. A valid test trip must include a variety of driving conditions, such as urban, rural and motorway routes, with specific duration, speed and altitude ranges. For example, a valid trip must last between 90 and 120 minutes and cover at least 16 km on each type of route (urban, rural and motorway).

The main objective of this procedure is to reduce the gap between emissions measured in the laboratory and those actually emitted during real driving, thus helping to improve air quality and ensure that vehicles comply with the emission limits set by European regulations. But a complaint by the ICCT (International Council on Clean Transportation) in March 2023 had brought back the spectres of Dieselgate: that is, the use of emission tampering devices (defeat devices). The ICCT is an independent organisation that played a crucial role in the 2015 scandal involving several car manufacturers in the United States, most notably Volkswagen (which paid around €30 billion in fines and penalties), accused of using emission manipulation devices to pass tests.

Well, back to Wissing, according to the German minister, the EU Commission has now taken the position (but Commissioner Breton has ruled this out, ed.),in the court proceedings that the limit values for pollutants also apply outside the 'operating and environmental conditions' of the proceedings and for every driving situation. This would mean that the limit values would also have to be complied with during so-called full-load driving with a gradient - in other words, when a car is travelling uphill with a full load and the engine reaches its maximum possible power.

Auto, PwC: Bev superano diesel in Ue, Italia fanalino di coda

"Based on the current state of technology, this is not feasible and would therefore represent an unfeasible retroactive requirement for vehicles currently on the road," Wissing writes. All Euro 5 permits would be called into question. Consequences are also not excluded for vehicles complying with the Euro 6 emission standard. "Millions of vehicles are therefore at risk of being taken out of service," warns the German minister. In Germany alone, 4.3 million Euro 5 diesel vehicles and possibly 3.9 million Euro 6 vehicles would be affected. In the whole of the EU-27 Euro 5 and Euro 6 diesels would amount to more than 50 million, 48.6 per cent of the total 105 million. Among the hypotheses circulating is that of compensation to customers by the manufacturers. A cataclysm.

In Europe, according to a Acea 2023 report with data from 2021, there are about 250 million passenger vehicles on the road, 42% of which are diesel (electric and electrified about 4%). Much higher is the proportion of diesels among the 36 million commercial vehicles (90%). With new registrations the ratios are reversing: in June 2024 diesel accounted for 12.7%, battery electrics 14.4%, plug-ins 6.1% and so-called pure hybrids 29.5%.

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