"Yes' of the Senate

The new feminicide crime arrives: what the text provides for, from life imprisonment to confiscation of property

Now the text goes to the Chamber of Deputies for the final go-ahead

by Nicoletta Cottone

Giulia Bongiorno: arriva un reato specifico per chi commette un femminicidio

5' min read

5' min read

First green light in the Senate for the bill introducing the crime of feminicide in Italy. Now the text, unanimously approved in Palazzo Madama, passes to the Chamber of Deputies for the final green light.

The new crime of feminicide

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"Whoever causes the death of a woman when the act is committed as an act of hatred or discrimination or prevarication or as an act of control or possession or domination as a woman, or in relation to the woman's refusal to establish or maintain an affective relationship or as an act of restriction of her individual freedoms shall be punished by life imprisonment". So says the new Article 577-bis, introduced into the Penal Code by the bill presented by the Ministers for Justice, the Interior, the Family and Institutional Reforms and amended during the examination in the Senate Justice Committee. Enhanced bracelets, with a minimum distance of 1,000 metres from the victim, confiscation of goods used for ill-treatment against family members and cohabitants, restrictive intervention on prison benefits for offenders. Admission to legal aid is also extended. Awareness-raising campaigns

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When the sentence discount is triggered

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Where only one mitigating circumstance applies or where a mitigating circumstance concurs with aggravating circumstances (and the mitigating circumstance is prevalent), the sentence may not be less than 24 years. When there are several mitigating circumstances or when several mitigating circumstances concur with aggravating circumstances, but the mitigating circumstances prevail, the sentence cannot be less than 15 years. The text also provides that the punishment is increased by a third when 'the act is committed as an act of hatred or discrimination or prevarication or as an act of control or possession or domination as a woman, or in relation to the woman's refusal to establish or maintain an affective relationship or as an act of restriction of her individual freedoms'.

The confiscation of assets

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In the course of parliamentary scrutiny, a new Article 572-bis of the Penal Code was introduced into the text, which provides for the mandatory confiscation of property, including computer or telematic tools or mobile phones, found to have been used in the commission of the offence of 'ill-treatment against family members and cohabitants' where there has been a conviction or the application of the penalty at the request of the parties.

The Guardasigilli's report to the Houses

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Also in the course of parliamentary scrutiny was the annual submission to the Houses of Parliament of a report by the Minister of Justice on the state of implementation of the regulations on feminicide and combating violence against women. A report to be submitted by 30 June each year. It provides for the precise indication of convictions and acquittals for the crime of feminicide and murder, broken down by gender and aggravating circumstances.

Jurisdiction over proceedings for offences against family members and cohabitants

Among the novelties introduced during the examination in the Senate Justice Commission, the attribution to the court in monocratic composition of jurisdiction over proceedings for crimes of ill-treatment against family members and cohabitants (Article 572 of the Criminal Code.) aggravated pursuant to the second (when the act is committed in the presence of or to the detriment of a minor, a pregnant woman or a person with disabilities, or if the act is committed with weapons) and fifth paragraphs (this is the new aggravating circumstance that occurs when the act is committed with the same modalities of conduct as those set out in the new article introducing feminicide and revenge porn).

The right of the offended person to be informed about the plea agreement

The right of the offended person to be notified by a formally served document - when presented out of court - if the defendant has requested a plea bargain is introduced. Right to submit pleadings and deductions with reference to the request. In the case, on the other hand, of presentation at the hearing, the offended party, who has the right to intervene, may also present his deductions directly there. The rule concerns proceedings for offences, whether committed or attempted:  mistreatment against family members and cohabitants (572 of the criminal code); omicidio (575 of the criminal code) aggravated; feminicide (577-bis of the criminal code);  personal injury (582 of the criminal code.) and deformation of the person's appearance by means of permanent facial injuries (583-quinquies of the criminal code), non-consensual termination of pregnancy (593-ter of the criminal code) in the aggravated hypothesis of when the act is committed as an act of discrimination or hatred towards the offended person. The possibility of applying the measure of pre-trial detention in prison is extended.

Enhanced electronic beacon: minimum distance to the offended person at 1000 metres

The enhanced electronic bracelet arrives. During the examination in the Senate Committee on Justice, the minimum distance from the offended person or the places frequented by the offended person that the person subjected to the measures of removal from the family home and the prohibition on approaching the family home must respect was extended from 500 to 1,000 metres.

New rules for witness examination

New rules for witness examination in cases where violence against women and domestic violence offences are being prosecuted (Article 362(1-ter)): the presiding judge must ensure that questions and objections are asked in such a way as to avoid exposing the offended person being examined as a witness to injury to dignity and decorum and to any other form of secondary victimisation. The connection between civil separation, divorce and parental responsibility proceedings and criminal proceedings for crimes of violence against women and domestic violence is strengthened. Protection for orphans of feminicide is also extended to children born outside the marital relationship, even without stable cohabitation.

Restrictive Intervention on Prison Benefits

The text intervenes on the regime for granting prison benefits to offenders convicted of the new crime of feminicide and other offences expressing gender-based violence, making it subject to a positive judicial assessment of the results of the scientific observation of the personality of the prisoner or inmate, conducted for at least one year. Also introduced is the 0obligation to give immediate notice to the offended person of alternative measures to detention and other benefits involving the offender's release from prison. A similar communication is mandatory for the next of kin of the victim of feminicide or aggravated murder. There is also a reduction in the maximum duration of premium permits granted to minors convicted of the crime of feminicide. For convicted minors, the duration of premium leave may not exceed 20 days on each occasion and the total duration may not exceed 70 days in each year of imprisonment.

Awareness-raising campaigns and educational initiatives in schools

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Awareness-raising campaigns and educational and training initiatives in schools are planned to highlight the dangers of using drugs, psychotropic or conscience-altering substances to prevent and counteract sexual assaults. Establishment at the Ministry of Health of a permanent technical table to prevent and counter the phenomenon of sexual violence through the use of drugs. Strengthening of training initiatives, for magistrates and in the health sector, on violence against women and domestic violence.

Access of child victims to anti-violence centres

The draft law allows victims of violence who have reached the age of 14 to have access to anti-violence centres without the prior authorisation of their parents or those exercising parental responsibility to receive information and guidance.

Admission to legal aid extended

Admission to legal aid in derogation of income limits is also extended to persons offended by the offences of attempted aggravated murder and attempted feminicide. Attempted homicide against an ascendant or descendant, also as a result of the adoption of a minor, against the spouse (also legally separated), against the other party to the civil partnership or against the person permanently cohabiting with the offender or linked to him/her by a relationship of affection and of feminicide are also included among the offences for which legal aid is provided to offended persons in derogation of income limits.

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